Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Where is alcohol mostly metabolised?

A

The liver

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2
Q

Smaller amounts of alcohol can be metabolised by?

A
  • cytochrome P450 2E1

- catalase in the brain

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3
Q

Describe how alcohol is metabolised

A
  • alcohol (ethanol) oxidised to acetaldehyde
  • by alcohol dehydrogenase
  • acetaldehyde oxidised to acetate
  • by aldehyde dehydrogenase

-both reactions reduces NAD+ to NADH

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4
Q

Why does alcohol cause hangover symptoms?

A
  • Acetaldehyde is toxic

- Accumulation causes nausea

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5
Q

How can excessive alcohol intake cause liver damage?

A
  • Acetate forms acetyl~CoA with coenzyme A

- excess NADH and acetyl~CoA lead to changes in liver metabolism

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6
Q

What liver damage conditions are associated with drinking alcohol?

A
  • fatty liver
  • alcoholic hepatitis
  • alcoholic cirrhosis
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7
Q

How can low NAD+/NADH ratio lead to lactic acidosis?

A

Inadequate NAD+ to convert lactate to pyruvate

Lactate accumulates

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8
Q

How can low NAD+/NADH ratio lead to gout?

A
  • Lactate accumulation leads to decreased kidney function

- rate crystals accumulate

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9
Q

How can low NAD+/NADH ratio lead to hypoglycaemia?

A

Inadequate NAD+ for glycerol metabolism

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10
Q

How can an increase in Acetyl~CoA lead to a fatty liver?

A

Increased fatty acids and ketone bodies synthesis

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11
Q

Name a drug used to treat alcohol dependance

A

Disulfiram

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12
Q

Explain how Disulfiram can be used to treat alcohol dependance

A
  • aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
  • accumulation of acetaldehyde leads to hangover symptoms
  • treats psychologically (classical conditioning)
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