Alcohol Key Words

Question 1

Aldehydes

Answer 1

Containing carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain

Formed at partial oxidation of primary alcohols

Question 2

Carbocation

Answer 2

Ion containing positively charged carbon atom

Formed as an intermediate in the hydration of alkenes into alcohols

Question 3

Carbonyl group

Answer 3

-C=O group

In aldehydes and ketones

Question 4

Carboxyl group

Answer 4

-COOH group
Found in carboxylic acids
Carbonyl group
Hydroxyl group

Question 5

Carboxylic acids

Answer 5

Carboxyl group

Complete oxidisation of primary alcohols

Question 6

Elimination

Answer 6

A reaction where atoms are lost from a molecule and not replaced
E.g. Elimination of water from an alcohol to form alkene

Question 7

Esterification

Answer 7

Where alcohols and carboxylic acids are refluxed in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst

Question 8

Fehling’s solution

Answer 8

Alkaline copper(ii) used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
Copper(ii) reduced to copper(i) leading to a blue to brick red colour change

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

Method of producing ethanol by mixing yeast and water with sugar

Question 10

Hydration

Answer 10

Water added to a C=C

E.g. Addition of water to an alkene to get an alcohol

Question 11

Hydroxyl group

Answer 11

-OH group

Question 12

Keytones

Answer 12

Containing the carbonyl group in the middle of a chain

Partial oxidisation of secondary alcohols

Question 13

Oxidising agent

Answer 13

Chemical used to oxidise
E.g. Potassium Dichromate (VI)
Used in the oxidisation of alcohols

Question 14

Positional isomerism

Answer 14

Form of structural isomerism
Exhibited by alcohols
Molecules have the same formula but -OH is attached to another carbon

Question 15

Primary alcohol

Answer 15

Where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon with one R group attached

Question 16

Reducing agent

Answer 16

Reduces another species

E.g. Sodium Borohydride used in reduction reduction in aldehydes and ketones

Question 17

Refluxing

Answer 17

Reaction mixture is heated in a flask.

Reactants vaporise and condense repeatedly, dripping repeatedly back into the reaction mixture

Question 18

R group

Answer 18

Shorthand for the rest of a carbon change

Question 19

Secondary alcohol

Answer 19

Two R groups attached to the carbon that the -OH is attached to

Question 20

Silver mirror test

Answer 20

Distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
Substance added to Tollen’s reagent
In the presence of an aldehyde, Ag(NH3)2 is reduced to form a shiny mirror in the test tube

Question 21

Tertiary alcohol

Answer 21

Where there are 3 R groups attached to the carbon that the -OH is attached to

Question 22

Tollen’s reagent

Answer 22

Formed from silver nitrate(aq) and sodium hydroxide(aq) to form precipitate of silver(I) oxide
Ammonia(aq) is added until precipitate dissolves

Question 23

Alcohols

Answer 23

General formula C(n)H(2n+1)OH

Hydroxyl functional group