Alcohol Formative

Question 1

Which of these initially metabolises alcohol?
1 - cytochrome p450
2 - alcohol hydrates
3 - alcohol phosphatase
4 - alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 1

4 - Alcohol is metabolised by ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE

Question 2

What does the term inotrope refer to?

Answer 2

Cardiac Contractility

Question 3

After use of muscle glycogen, the liver can produce “new glucose” through which process?

Answer 3

Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Are hepatocytes present in a portal tract?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

Which 4 features are found within a portal tract?

Answer 5

Bile duct, Lymphocyte, Vein, Artery

Question 6

Persistent vomiting causing a gastric tear is known as?

Answer 6

Mallory Weiss Tear

Question 7

What is the legal drinking age in Scotland while supervised at home?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

A patient with LFTs showing a normal GGT, AST and ALT with high All Phos is most likely to have what? 
1 - bone disease
2 - chronic alcoholism
3 - recent binge drinking
4 - viral hepatitis

Answer 8

1 - bone disease

Question 9

Liver enzyme ALT is short for what?

Answer 9

Alanine aminotransferase

Question 10

The ligament theres within the falciform ligament is formed from which embryological structure?

Answer 10

Umbilical vein

Question 11

Which of the following is not associated with acute pancreatitis?
1 - caput medusae
2 - grey-turner sign
3 - renal failure
4 - Cullen's sign
5 - respiratory failure

Answer 11

Renal Failure

Question 12

True or false: alcohol is known to decrease blood LDL levels?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

True or false: alcohol is known to increase blood triglyceride levels?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which lobe of the lung is most commonly affected in aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 14

Right lower lobe superior segment)

Question 15

What secondary condition is a patient with haematemesis at risk of?
1 - septic shock
2 - cariogenic shock
3 - neurogenic shock
4 - hypovolaemic shock

Answer 15

Hypovolaemic shock from blood loss

Question 16

Which nerve supplies the heart?

Answer 16

Vagus nerve

Question 17

What is the embryological origin of the liver?

Answer 17

Foregut

Question 18

Where in the brain is the respiratory centre found?

Answer 18

In the brainstem

Question 19

Which cancer does alcohol confer the strongest risk for?

Oesophageal SCC, Colorectal adenocarcinoma, or Hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 19

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 20

Liver enzyme AST is short for what?

Answer 20

Aspartate aminotransferase

Question 21

Portal hypertension is most commonly associated with?
1 - Cullen's sign
2 - Splenomegaley
3 - Positive Murphy's sign
4 - Positive Courvoisier's sign

Answer 21

Splenomegaley

Question 22

In the normal metabolic pathway what is bilirubin formed from?

Answer 22

Biliverdin

Question 23

True or false: chronic alcoholism is associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 23

False, it is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 24

Which clotting factor is NOT made in the liver?

Answer 24

VIII - made in vascular endothelium

Question 25

Can Kayser Fleisher rings be associated with alcohol?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Can caput medusa be associated with alcohol?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

How many segments is the liver divided into?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

Why are females likely to become more rapidly intoxicated than males?

Answer 28

They tend to have less alcohol dehydrogenase and higher subcutaneous fat percentage

Question 29

True or false: alcohol is associated with accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Fibrosis cirrhosis of the liver is mediated by which type of cell?

Answer 30

Interstitial cells of Ito

Question 31

Treatments intended to manage ascites in cirrhosis aim to reduce levels of? 1 - sodium 2 - phosphate 3 - Magnesium

Answer 31

SODIUM

Question 32

Which of these drugs is more associated with acute pancreatitis? 1 - Steroids 2 - Diuretics 3 - Opiates

Answer 32

STEROIDS

Question 33

What is the recommended number of units of alcohol in 1 week for men/women?

Answer 33

14

Question 34

Which of these is associated with severe hepatitis? 1 - hepatobiliary syndrome 2 - hepatocardiac syndrome 3 - hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 34

Hepatorenal syndrome

Question 35

What is the cause of Dupuytren's Contracture?

Answer 35

Scarring of the palmar fascia

Question 36

How many units are in a standard (175ml) glass of wine?

Answer 36

2 units

Question 37

Jaundice as a result of alcoholic hepatitis is caused by an accumulation of what?

Answer 37

Conjugated bilirubin (unconjugated bilirubin can also cause jaundice but is not due to alcoholic hepatitis)

Question 38

``` Microscopically, what borders hepatocytes? 1 - Space of Disse 2 - Bowman's space 3 -Venules 4 - Arterioles ```

Answer 38

Space of Disse

Question 39

Does water consumption increase the speed of elimination of alcohol from the body?

Answer 39

No - only food increases the rate of elimination from the body

Question 40

Antabuse - a drug used to treat alcoholism - works by inhibiting which enzyme?

Answer 40

Aldehyde dehydrogenase - this results in a build up acetaldehyde which is very unpleasant for the patient