Alcohol and related disorder definitions & Mood disorders

Question 1

agonist substitution

Answer 1

Replacement of a drug on which a person is dependent with one having a similar chemical makeup, an agonist. Used as a treatment for substance dependence.

Question 2

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

Answer 2

Enzyme that helps humans metabolize alcohol. Different levels of its subtypes may account for different susceptibilities to disorders such as fetal alcohol spectrum syndrome (FASS).

Question 3

alcohol-related disorders

Answer 3

Cognitive, biological, behavioural, and social problems associated with alcohol use and misuse.

Question 4

antagonist drugs

Answer 4

Medications that block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs.

Question 5

barbiturates

Answer 5

Sedative (and addictive) drugs including Amytal, Seconal, and Nembutal that are used as sleep aids.

Question 5

benzodiazepines

Answer 5

Anti-anxiety drugs, including Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, and Halcion, also used to treat insomnia. Effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), they have some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in dependence and addiction. Relapse rates are extremely high when the drug is discontinued.

Question 6

caffeine use disorder

Answer 6

Cognitive, biological, behavioural, and social problem associated with the use and misuse of caffeine.

Question 7

delirium tremens (DTs)

Answer 7

Frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol. Also called withdrawal delirium.

Question 8

hallucinogens

Answer 8

Any psychoactive substances such as LSD or marijuana that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception.

Question 8

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system

Answer 8

Inhibitory neurotransmitter system that is thought to be associated with excessive anxiety.

Question 9

intermittent explosive disorder

Answer 9

Episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property.

Question 10

kleptomania

Answer 10

Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value.

Question 11

LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)

Answer 11

Most common hallucinogenic drug; a synthetic version of the grain fungus ergot.

Question 12

psychoactive substances

Answer 12

Substances, such as drugs, that alter mood or behaviour.

Question 13

cognitive therapy

Answer 13

Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behaviour and coping styles.

Question 13

stimulants

Answer 13

Group of psychoactive substances that elevate mood, activity, and alertness, including amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine.

Question 13

pyromania

Answer 13

Impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.

Question 13

major depressive episode

Answer 13

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and the inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least two weeks.

Question 14

bipolar I disorder

Answer 14

Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.

Question 15

cognitive triad

Answer 15

becks theory that depression may result from a tendency to think negatively abt 1. self, 2. the immediate world, 3. the future

Question 16

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 16

Chronic (at least two years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.

Question 16

major depressive disorder

Answer 16

Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least two months without depression, recurrent) major depressive episodes.

Question 17

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 17

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

Question 18

maintenance treatment

Answer 18

Combination of continued psychosocial treatment or medication designed to prevent relapse following therapy.