Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS3 PMHP > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

How is alcohol distributed

A

via body water

very little alcohol enters body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the concentration of alcohol in the liver highest

A

because blood comes directly to it from the stomach and small intestine via the portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is alcohol absorbed

A

its water soluble
slowly absorbed from the stomach
more rapid absorption from the SI
rate of absorption quicker on an empty stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the effects of spirit vs aerated alcohol on absorption

A

they delay gastric emptying and are absorbed more slowly

aerated alcohol gets into the system more quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is alcohol metabolized

A

90% in liver

2-5% excreted in sweat, urine or breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is alcohol metabolized into

A

alcohol –> acetaldehyde –> acetate –> Co2 and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the blood alcohol concentration vary

A

varies according to age, sex, size and body build, previous exposure, type of drink and whether food is taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the effect of drugs on alcohol absorption

A

some drugs like cimetidine (acid reflux) will delay emptying and reduce absorption

some drugs like antihistamines have the opposite effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is alcohol metabolism a bit different for women

A

smaller blood volume than mean

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach so more alcohol is absorbed before it has been metabolised

alcohol crosses placenta easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe how the blood alcohol concentration changes after drinking alcohol

A

peaks 1 hour after drinking on an empty stomach

declines over next 4 hours

removed at rate of 15mg/100ml/hr

detectable levels still present for several hours

after 3 pints of beer blood alcohol will be detectable in the morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is there tolerance in heavy drinkers

A

normal metabolism increases
microsomal ethanol oxidising system comes into play i.e enzyme induction occurs, this system can also be induced by drugs
in heavy drinkers with liver damage, enzyme production decreases as there is more fibrous tissue so not producing enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the effect of intoxication

A 
mild sedative
mild anaesthetic
stimulates dopamine and serotonin 
sense of wellbeing relaxation and disinhibition 
1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the effect of intoxication of 100mg/100ml

A

ppl become elated and aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the effect of intoxication of 200 mg/100ml

A

slurred speech and unsteadiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of >400mg/100ml intoxication

A

commonly fatal due to AF
respiratory failure
inhalation of vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the genetic factor for alcohol problems

A

there is a genetic predisposition in development of alcohol problems

4x increased risk in relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the safe weekly alcohol limit

A

14 units a week on a regular basis

spread over 3 or more days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the risk of health problems related to alcohol

A

it increases the more you drink on a regular basis

pregnant women should have no alcohol

can also cause issues with conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is medical problems associated with heavy drinking on the GI tract

A

acute gastritis
liver problems
GI bleeding
oral, esophageal, stomach and bowel cancer
pancreatic disease
obesity and malnutrition
vitamin deficiency-folic acid , vit B1, B2, B6, E, B1 and D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the medical problems associated with heavy drinking on the heart

A

cardiomyopathy
cardiac arrhythmias
hypertension
increased triglycerides and LDL cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are medical problems associated with heavy drinking

A 
GI
CV
traumatic injuries 
skin, muscle, nerves and bones
blood
chest
gynaecological problems
obstetric problems 
bleeding
poor wound healing 
drugs
patients with hepatitis C
hormones and metabolism
immune system
mental health
nervous sytem
renal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are medical problems to do with skin muscles nerves and bones caused by heavy drinking

A

acute or chronic myopathy
osteoporosis
osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are medical problems to do with blood caused by heavy drinking

A

macrocytosis
thrombocytopenia
leucopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are medical problems to do with drugs caused by heavy drinking

A

drug metabolism
drug interactions
non compliance
interactions with illicit drugs

25
What are medical problems to do with the nervous system caused by heavy drinking
epilepsy wernicke korsakoff syndrome cerebral atrophy
26
What are the oral problems seen in chronic heavy drinking
oral cancer in those who have concurrent tobacco use oral ulceration, glossitis, angular cheilitis, gingivitis - nutritional deficiency dental neglect dental trauma due to chaotic lifestyle lost dentures salivary gland enlargement - dialysis xerostomia poor wound healing and ostemyelitis suppression of immune system by alcohol dental erosion bruxism
27
What percentage of those who drink heavily will develop alcohol related liver injury
20%
28
Why does the liver damage occur
due to alcohol and metabolized but also comobrbity factors such as age, sex, viruses, drugs and nutrition
29
What is the spectrum of alcohol lever disease
the liver can go between normal and steatosis (fatty liver) which is reversible then it can go between steatosis and steato-hepatitis which is reversible but less so then it becomes cirrhosis which is not reversible
30
What is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the west
alcohol
31
What are the symptoms of cirrhosis
``` jaundice ascites bleeding cachexia infections encephalopathy ```
32
What is the problem with liver disease for dentist
reduced synthesis of clotting factors in damaged liver combined with reduced absorption of vitamin K so reduced factor II, VII, IX, X thrombocytopenia due to splenomegaly associated with portal hypertension (less platelets) megakaryocytic maturation is also reduced leading to fewer platelets platelet aggregation is reduced both will lead to prolonged bleeding
33
What is the effect of alcohol on drugs in patients without liver damage
``` heavy drinking induces liver enzymes may increase metabolism of some drugs more rapid destruction reduced plasma concentration lack of effects ```
34
What is the effect of alcohol on drugs in patients with liver damage
reduced drug metabolism | LA, analgesia, sedatives, antibiotics
35
What is the effect of alcohol on warfarin
metabolism will be enhanced by regular consumptionof more than 3 units a day
36
How do drugs act with alcohol
some drugs will interact with drugs producing a sedative effect on the nervous system and increase or prolong the effect alcohol will interact with drugs producing a sedative effect on the nervous system and increase or prolong its effect
37
How does alcohol and paracetamol act in heavy drinkers
in heavy drinkers, paracetamol can be converted to an intermediate metabolite which is hepatotoxic
38
What is the disulfiram reaction
it inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase which normally converts acetaldehyde to acetate acetaldehyde builds up and nausea and vomiting occur if alcohol is taken
39
What is disulfiram used for
alcohol treatment other drugs cause this reaction e.g metronidazole, cephalosporins, ketoconazoole
40
What is the effect of alcohol on the stomach
gastric irritant clotting may be deranged due to liver disease which exacerbates the issue
41
What is the effect on alcohol on hep C
alcohol in any amounts leads to more rapid development of severe liver disease px with hep c should abstain from alcohol completely
42
What is the effect of alcohol on cocaine
if taken at the same time, a chemical similar to cocaine is produced so alcohol prolongs the effect of cocaine can cause arrhythmia's together
43
What is the effect of cannabis on alcohol
absorbtion of alcohol is reduced combo will increase sense of confusion and disorientation making accidents more likely
44
What is the effect of amphetamines on alcohol
will increase impairment of judgement
45
What is the effect of ecstasy on alcohol
increases intoxication but will reduce the potentially fatal fluid retention effect of ecstasy
46
What are nutritional problems linked to alcohol
alcohol is v calorific alcoholics generally malnourished due to general neglect, substation of food, deficiencies
47
What are the CV issues linked to alcohol
``` cardiomyopathy cardiac arrhythmias hypertension stroke protective effects ```
48
What is cardiomyopathy
degenerative heart disease with no coronary artery disease well established complication of chronic alcohol abuse most cases asymptomatic can lead to arrhythmias, cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure (dyspnea and peripheral edema)
49
What is the tx for cardiomyopathy
treatment is largely supportive need to abstain from alcohol may be due to the accumulation of fatty acids thy esters in mitochondria
50
What is the cardiac function in women like
women can develop cardiac problems with less alcohol and lower duration of consumption higher risk
51
what are the ECG changes that can be marked with alcohol
``` ecg changes: atrial fibrillation prolonged QT interval inverted T waves heart block ventricular arythmias ```
52
How is the risk of stroke altered by alcohol
light to moderate consumption decreases risk consumption of 5 or more drinks per day increases risk by a lot
53
What is the link between hypertension and alcohol
generally a low grade hypretension risk factor for stroke chronic intake of 30g/day or more fo alcohol hypertension reverses after cessation those with liver disease may have portal hypertension - can have esophageal varies and can be fatal
54
What are the cardio protective effects of alcohol
moderate intake decreases risk of coronary artery disease 1-2 units of alcohol 2-3 times a week benefit is particularly in older men and post menopausal women alcohol decreases atherogenic plaques alcohol consumption increases HDL cholesterol will also reduce incidence of gall stones and macular degeneration
55
How is alcohol linked to oral cancer
risk when smoking and alcohol are taken together
56
Describe how alcohol and smoking lead to oral cancer
ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde promotes tobacco initiated tumors damages DNA and alters oncogene production alcohol facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across the oral mucosa partly due to thinning of oral mucosa due to nutritional deficiency
57
What is the link between alcohol, violence and facial injury
violence linked to alcohol facial injury have long lasting physical and pscyhological effect can result in PTSD, alcohol problems and a vicious circle
58
What is the dental trauma often seen with alcohol
``` broken teeth lost teeth damage to soft tissue lost dentures interpersonal violence falls ```
59
What is the non carious tooth surface loss seen with alcohol
alcohol is very acidic GORD in alcohol directly relaxes the oseophageal sphincter vomiting brings up acid multifactorial bruxism restoration is difficult until problem is controlled

BDS3 PMHP (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions