Alcohol Flashcards
the chemical used in beverages is called
ethanol
ethanol is the main ____ ingredient
psychoactive
methanol
production of making alcohol yourself
methanol can:
- can cause blindness
- damages optic nerve
what is the process of making alcohol?
fermentation (a natural process)
What is fermentation?
biochemical process; yeast converts sugar into alcohol
what is distillation?
a way to increase the alcohol content in beverages
Is alcohol a legal depressant?
yes
what is ethanol
a small molecule; easy to absorb into the body
where does 20% of alcohol go?
stomach
mouth –> esophagus –> stomach –>20% –> bloodstream –> brain
where does 80% of alcohol go?
liver
mouth–> esophagus–> stomach –> 80% –> intestine –> BS –> liver –> brain
what does alcohol get metabolized by?
metabolized by an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
breaks down the ethanol to be excreted
what does the liver break alcohol down into?
water, carbon dioxide, and energy
(called oxidation)
factors that affect BAC
gender/sex, muscle mass, how much food is eaten, alcohol dehydrogenase
the liver can oxidize how many ounces of alcohol per hour?
male - 1 ounce per hour
female - 1/2 ounce per house
words ending in “ase” are
enzymes
“ase”’s beak down what?
“ose”
lact”ase” breaks down lact”ose”
Medulla oblongata
- carries out and regulates life functions (breathing, swallowing, heart rate)
- without it we die
vasopressin
produced by the pituitary gland
when we drink what happens to the vasopressin?
it goes into dehydration mode
(production of 4x more liquid being excreted; takes stored body water and excrete it)
BAC 0.16 - 0.30%
severe impairment
Detoxification includes:
hallucinations, anxiety, and tremors
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
true
Antabuse
a medication to help decrease drinking
A medical emergency that happens when a high BAC suppresses the central nervous system
alcohol poisoning
controls thought process and consciousness
cerebral cortex
factors that influence BAC
- ethnicity
- food consumed
- body weight
- gender/sex
bing drinking - women =
4 or more drinks per occasion
what is the active chemical in alcohol?
ethanol
controls movement and balance
cerebellum
scaring of the liver
cirrhosis
binge drinking - men =
5 or more drinks per occassion
a persons biological makeup can impact whether they will have a problem with alcohol
true
BAC 0.31- 0.45%
life threatening
alcoholism is a disease
true
is AA a 12 step program?
yes
aggressively pressuring someone to drink alcohol is a form of
bullying/harrassment
signs of alcohol poisoning
- slow breathing
- hypothermia
- mental confusion
- vomiting
- unconsciousness
- seizers
- coma
- stupor
What BAC gives you a dui at 21
0.08
possible symptoms of FAS
- heart defects
- delayed development (problems with thinking, speech, movement, and social skills
- decreased muscle tone and poor coordination
BAC 0.0 - 0.05
mild impairment
what BAC gives you a dwi at 21
0.10
BAC 0.06 - 0.15
increased impairment
what is not a stradegy for treating alcoholism
enabling
what year was the drinking age made 21 for purchasing alcohol?
1984
process of completely withdrawing from alcohol
detoxification
20% goes where?
through stomach lining
diuretics
speeds up kidneys
long term effects of alcohol
- brain damage
- shrinkage of brain tissue
- cirrhosis
- damage of the kidneys
- cancer
- tolerance
- dependence
- death
is alcohol psychologically and physiologically addicting?
yes
3 stages of substance abuse
early, middle, final
glutamate and hippocampus
memory
enabler/co-dependence
makes alcoholics lives easier to continue bad habits
FAE
fetal alcohol effects
what does FAE do to infants
- shorter and lighter in weight
- increased chance of cleft palate
- slow body growth
- facial abnormalities
- heart defects
- poor coordination
- increased risk of cancer
PI
public intoxication
wet reckless
BAC of less than 0.08
don’t combine alcohol with
- sedatives
- anti-anxiety meds
- antibiotics
- anticoagulant
- antidepressants
- antidiabetic meds
- antihistamines
-antipsychotic meds
-antiseizure meds - heart meds
- narcotics
- pain relievers
