ALCOHOL

Question 1

how has alcohol consumption changed over time?

Answer 1

At the global level, the team found that the total volume of alcohol consumed per year increased by as much as 70% between 1990 and 2017

Question 2

how has alcohol affordability changed over time?

Answer 2

its become 54% more affordable than in 1980

Question 3

In the UK, do we spend more or less on alcohol every year than the rest of the world?

Answer 3

our per capita consumption in the UK is lower

Question 4

how do uks drinking habits differ to other countries?

Answer 4

we tend to start drinking ealier and binge drink

Question 5

when was the peak of consumption of alcohol and why?

Answer 5

2008

linked to affordability

Question 6

what percentage of men and women have an alcohol use disorder?

Answer 6

38% of men

16% of women

Question 7

what percentage of men and women are binge drinkers?

Answer 7

21% of men

9% of women

Question 8

how has the role of the medical profesional changed in relation to alcohol

Answer 8

there is at least 1 hospital alcohol health worker per trust

Question 9

what are some specialist treatment for alcoholism?

Answer 9

CBT
behavioural approaches
motivational interviewing
social behaviour and network therapy

Question 10

what are some social and medical consequences of alcohol overconsumption?

Answer 10

alcohol related harms + death
hospital admissions
crime
public disorder
workplace issues
family issues

Question 11

what are alcohol attributable fractions?

Answer 11

denotes the proportion of a health outcome which is caused by alcohol.

Question 12

which conditions are wholly attributable to alcohol?

Answer 12

alcoholic liver disease
alcoholic neuropathy
chronic pancreatitis
alcoholic cardiomyopathy
alcoholic gastritis

Question 13

how is the workplace affected by alcohol?

Answer 13

poor productivity

absences or sick leave

Question 14

how is the workplace affected by alcohol?

Answer 14

poor productivity

absences or sick leave

Question 15

what family problems is alcohol related to?

Answer 15

arguments
violence
debt
relationsjip problems

Question 16

what is effective health promotion strategy in relation to alcohol?

Answer 16

restricting exposures of young people t adverrs
increase price + taxation
restrict availability e.g. reduce opening times

Question 17

what has the government tried to do in the past as a health promotion strategy in relation to alcohol?

Answer 17

minimal price per unit
stopping advertising appealing to young people
trying to stop multipack deals of alcohol

Question 18

whats the governments recommendation for units of alcohol per week? has this changed? why?

Answer 18

14 units for men and women

it used to be 21 for men and 14 for women but changed because of improved knowledge of cancer risk

Question 19

are the risk of alcohol greater for men or women?

Answer 19

short term risks greater for men but long term risks greater for women

Question 20

how has the prevalence of abstinence changed?

Answer 20

levels are increasing for unknown reasons, particularly among the younger ages

Question 21

what is the conceptual model of health

Answer 21

distinguishes between the way social and biological factors work interactively to cause individual health outcomes, and the way they work in tandem to cause the patterns.

Question 22

what are some individual factors that affect how vulnerable someone is to alcohol risks?

Answer 22

age
gender
familial factors
socio-economic status
conduct and mood disorders
adverse childhood experiences
poor family monitoring and endorsement
low self control

Question 23

what are some social factors that affect how vulnerable someone is to alcohol risks?

Answer 23

level of development
culture
drinking context
affordability
whether intoxification is promoted in the media
accessibility
influence of peers

Question 24

what proportion of alcohol disorders are genetically linked?

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

how much does alcohol cost the NHS annually?

Answer 25

3.5 billion

Question 26

what percentage of people going to the ED because of alcohol related harms will be readmitted in 30 days?

Answer 26

20%

Question 27

what is a harmful pattern of alcohol use?

Answer 27

a pattern of alcohol use that has caused damage to a persons physical and mental health or has resulted in behaviour leading to harm to the health of others

Question 28

what defines alcohol dependance?

Answer 28

having 2 or more of…
- impaired control over alcohol use
increased alcohol use that it continues or escalates despite the occurunce of harm/negative consequences
- physiological manifestations e.g. tolerane, withdrawal uppon cessation and use of alcohol to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 29

what are some symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 29

anxiety
agitation
tremor
nausea
disturbed sleep

Question 30

what are some tests used for screening high alcohol use?

Answer 30

Fast alcohol screening test

alcohol use disorders identification test

Question 31

outline the brief intervention strategy ‘FRAMES’?

Answer 31

Feedback of screening score to helo the individual recognise the need for change
Responsibility - encourgaing them to take ownership and make a decision
Advice - offer this on modifying alcohol use
Menu - give options to choice from
Empathy
Self-efficacy - promote this and their ability to succeed

Question 32

what can cause Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 32

thiamine/B1 deficiency

Question 33

how do we treat wernickes-korsaoff syndrome?

Answer 33

give oral thiamine

Question 34

what are some symptoms of wernickes-korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 34

altered mental state e.g. confusion
occulomotor abnormalities
cerebellar dysfunction e.g. ataxia

Question 35

what drugs do we give for alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 35

benzodiazepines

Question 36

what percentage of those who complete treatment relapse within a year?

Answer 36

70-80%

Question 37

what time period is most likely for you to relapse after treatment?

Answer 37

the first 3 months

Question 38

what factors are associated with poor outcomes for treatment of alcoholism?

Answer 38

social instability and lack of support
family history of dependance
poor mental health
previous failed attempts
severity
chronicity
complecity

Question 39

how can we reduce the stigma of alcoholics?

Answer 39

consider alcoholism as a chronic condition