ALCOHOL Flashcards
how has alcohol consumption changed over time?
At the global level, the team found that the total volume of alcohol consumed per year increased by as much as 70% between 1990 and 2017
how has alcohol affordability changed over time?
its become 54% more affordable than in 1980
In the UK, do we spend more or less on alcohol every year than the rest of the world?
our per capita consumption in the UK is lower
how do uks drinking habits differ to other countries?
we tend to start drinking ealier and binge drink
when was the peak of consumption of alcohol and why?
2008
linked to affordability
what percentage of men and women have an alcohol use disorder?
38% of men
16% of women
what percentage of men and women are binge drinkers?
21% of men
9% of women
how has the role of the medical profesional changed in relation to alcohol
there is at least 1 hospital alcohol health worker per trust
what are some specialist treatment for alcoholism?
CBT
behavioural approaches
motivational interviewing
social behaviour and network therapy
what are some social and medical consequences of alcohol overconsumption?
alcohol related harms + death hospital admissions crime public disorder workplace issues family issues
what are alcohol attributable fractions?
denotes the proportion of a health outcome which is caused by alcohol.
which conditions are wholly attributable to alcohol?
alcoholic liver disease alcoholic neuropathy chronic pancreatitis alcoholic cardiomyopathy alcoholic gastritis
how is the workplace affected by alcohol?
poor productivity
absences or sick leave
how is the workplace affected by alcohol?
poor productivity
absences or sick leave
what family problems is alcohol related to?
arguments
violence
debt
relationsjip problems
what is effective health promotion strategy in relation to alcohol?
restricting exposures of young people t adverrs
increase price + taxation
restrict availability e.g. reduce opening times
what has the government tried to do in the past as a health promotion strategy in relation to alcohol?
minimal price per unit
stopping advertising appealing to young people
trying to stop multipack deals of alcohol
whats the governments recommendation for units of alcohol per week? has this changed? why?
14 units for men and women
it used to be 21 for men and 14 for women but changed because of improved knowledge of cancer risk
are the risk of alcohol greater for men or women?
short term risks greater for men but long term risks greater for women
how has the prevalence of abstinence changed?
levels are increasing for unknown reasons, particularly among the younger ages
what is the conceptual model of health
distinguishes between the way social and biological factors work interactively to cause individual health outcomes, and the way they work in tandem to cause the patterns.
what are some individual factors that affect how vulnerable someone is to alcohol risks?
age gender familial factors socio-economic status conduct and mood disorders adverse childhood experiences poor family monitoring and endorsement low self control
what are some social factors that affect how vulnerable someone is to alcohol risks?
level of development culture drinking context affordability whether intoxification is promoted in the media accessibility influence of peers
what proportion of alcohol disorders are genetically linked?
50%
how much does alcohol cost the NHS annually?
3.5 billion
what percentage of people going to the ED because of alcohol related harms will be readmitted in 30 days?
20%
what is a harmful pattern of alcohol use?
a pattern of alcohol use that has caused damage to a persons physical and mental health or has resulted in behaviour leading to harm to the health of others
what defines alcohol dependance?
having 2 or more of…
- impaired control over alcohol use
increased alcohol use that it continues or escalates despite the occurunce of harm/negative consequences
- physiological manifestations e.g. tolerane, withdrawal uppon cessation and use of alcohol to avoid withdrawal symptoms
what are some symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
anxiety agitation tremor nausea disturbed sleep
what are some tests used for screening high alcohol use?
Fast alcohol screening test
alcohol use disorders identification test
outline the brief intervention strategy ‘FRAMES’?
Feedback of screening score to helo the individual recognise the need for change
Responsibility - encourgaing them to take ownership and make a decision
Advice - offer this on modifying alcohol use
Menu - give options to choice from
Empathy
Self-efficacy - promote this and their ability to succeed
what can cause Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome?
thiamine/B1 deficiency
how do we treat wernickes-korsaoff syndrome?
give oral thiamine
what are some symptoms of wernickes-korsakoff syndrome?
altered mental state e.g. confusion
occulomotor abnormalities
cerebellar dysfunction e.g. ataxia
what drugs do we give for alcohol withdrawal?
benzodiazepines
what percentage of those who complete treatment relapse within a year?
70-80%
what time period is most likely for you to relapse after treatment?
the first 3 months
what factors are associated with poor outcomes for treatment of alcoholism?
social instability and lack of support family history of dependance poor mental health previous failed attempts severity chronicity complecity
how can we reduce the stigma of alcoholics?
consider alcoholism as a chronic condition
