Alcohol Flashcards
Oxidation of Primary alcohols
Primary –> Aldehyde –> Carboxylic Acid
K2Cr2O7:
Orange –> green if oxidation occurs
+6 —> +3
Different reactions with Primary alcohols
Primary + [O] —> aldehyde + H2O
Aldehyde + [O] —> Carboxylic Acid + H20
These use distillation and an acid catalyst
Primary + [O] —> Carboxylic Acid + H2O
This uses reflux and an acid catalyst
Oxidation of Secondary alcohols
Secondary –> Ketones
K2Cr2O7
Orange to green if oxidation occurs in the reaction
Oxidation in Tertiary alcohols
These don’t oxides
Therefore the solution stays orange when K2Cr2O7 is added.
Ketone Structure
R-C=O
|
R
O double bond is always in the middle of chain
The structure is always in the middle of the chain
Propanone
H H
| |
H-C-C=O
|
H-C-H
|
Carboxylic Acid structure
C=O
|
OH
The structure is always at the end of a chain
Propanoic Acid
H H OH
| | |
H-C-C-C=O
| | |
H H H
Aldehyde Structure
C=O
|
O
this structure is always at the end of the chain
Propanal
H H H
| | |
H-C-C-C=O
| |
H H
E/Z isomers
E isomer –> high priority group on the opposite sides of the alkene bond
Z isomer –> high priority group on the same side of the alkene bond
Conditions for Elimination Reactions
heat and acid catalyst
Conditions for Substitution Reactions
Acid Catalyst
What are primary alcohols?
This type of alcohol has 1 alkyl group (R1) attached to it.
What are secondary alcohols?
This type of alcohol has 2 alkyl (R2) groups attached to it
What are Tertiary Alcohols?
This type of alcohol ahs 3 alkyl (R3) groups attached to it.
Polarity of OH group
The H is more delta positive and the O is more delta negative making the electrons tens more towards the O making the group polar.
Solubility in Water of alcohols
The smaller alcohol chains can form a hydrogen bond with the water as they are polar.
as the chain becomes longer polarity decreases therefore not being able to form the hydrogen bond with the water
