Alchene

Question 1

Metode de obtinere

Answer 1

1. Eliminarea apei din alcool
2. Eliminarea hidracizilor din halogenuri de alchil
3. Eliminarea halogenurilor din compusii dihalogenati vicinali
4. Decarboxilarea ac nesaturati
5. Dehidrogenarea alcanilor
6. Descompunerea termica a alcanilor
7. Descompunerea esterilor alcoolilor cu diversi acizi
8. Izomerizarea alchenelor
9. Degradarea bazelor cuaternare de amoniu
10. Descompunerea sulfoxizilor\sulfonelor
11. Scindarea eterilor

Question 2

Eliminarea apei din alcool

Answer 2

CH3-CH2-OH > CH2=CH2 + H2O

Question 3

Eliminarea halogenilor din compusii dihalogenati vicinali

Answer 3

BrCH2-CH2Br + Zn > CH2=CH2 + ZnBr2

Question 4

Decarboxilarea ac nesaturati

Answer 4

R-CH=CH-COOH > CO2 + R-CH=CH2

Question 5

Dehidrogenarea alcanilor

Answer 5

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 > CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2
Se foloseste Cr2O3 + Al2O3 la temperatura

Question 6

Descompunerea termica a alcanilor

Answer 6

Cracare si piroliza

Question 7

Descompunerea esterilor alcoolilor cu diversi acizi

Answer 7

RCH2CH2OCOCH3 > RCH=CH2 + CH3COOH
Temperatura 300-600

Question 8

Izomerizarea alchenelor

Answer 8

CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 > CH3-CH=CH-CH3 > CH3-C=CH2 SI IN IZO

Question 9

Degradarea bazelor cuaternare de amoniu

Answer 9

[(CH3-CH3)4N]+OH- > [CH3-CH2-OH] + (C2H5)3N > CH2=CH2 +H2O

Question 10

Descompunerea sulfoxizilor si sulfonelor

Answer 10

SULFOXID > ALCHENA
SULFONA > ALCHENA

Question 11

Scindarea eterilor

Answer 11

R’-O-CH2CH2R ——R”Li—> RCH=CH2 + R’OLi + R”H

Question 12

PROPRIETATI CHIMICE

Answer 12

A. Aditie
1. Hidrogenare
2. Aditia halogenilor
3. Aditia hidracizilor
4. Tratare cu solutii diluate de clor\brom
5. Acid sulfuric
6. Oxidul de azot si clorura de nitrozil
7. Ac carboxilici
8. Apa
B. Oxidare
I. La dubla legatura
1. Oxidare blanda
2. Degradare oxidativa sau oxidare energica
3. Epoxilare
4. Ozon
II. Ardere
C. Substitutie in poz alilica
1. Autooxidarea
2. Halogenarea
D. Polimerizare

Question 13

Aditie. Hidrogenare

Answer 13

CH2=CH2 + H2 > CH3-CH3

Question 14

ADITIA HALOGENILOR

Answer 14

CH2=CH2 + Br2 > BRCH2-CH2BR

Question 15

ADITIA HIDRACIZILOR

Answer 15

CH2=CH2 + HI > CH3-CH2I

Question 16

TRATARE CU SOL DE CLOR\BROM

Answer 16

CH2=CH2 + HOCL > CLCH2-CH2OH

Question 17

ADITIA ACIDILUI SULFURIC

Answer 17

CH2=CH2 + HOSO3H > CH3-CH2-OSO3H

Question 18

ADITIA APEI

Answer 18

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O > CH3-CH-CH3 IN IZO OH

Question 19

ADITIA AC CARBOXILICI

Answer 19

CH2=C(CH3) + RCOOH > RCOOC(CH3)3

Question 20

OXIDARE BLANDA

Answer 20

R-CH=CH-R +[O] + H20 > R-CH-CH-R OH LA C DIN LEG DUBLA
SE FACE CU PERMANGANAT

Question 21

OXIDARE ENERGICA

Answer 21

C ———-> CETONA
CH ———> COOH
CH2 ———> CO2 + H20
SE FACE CU BICROMAT + H2SO4

Question 22

EPOXILARE

Answer 22

R-CH=CH-R + [O] > R-CH-CH-R O LEGAT DE AMBII C
SE FOLOSESTE AG2O LA 120 GRADE

Question 23

OZON

Answer 23

CH3-CH=CH2 + O3 +H2O > CH3-CH=O + CH2=O

Question 24

ARDERE

Answer 24

CO2 + H2O

Question 25

SUBSTITUTIE. AUTOOXIDARE

Answer 25

C-C-C=C + O2 > C-C-C=C IN POZ ALILICA O-O-H

Question 26

HALOGENARE IN POZ ALILICA

Answer 26

C=C-C + X2 > C=C-CH2X + HX
LA 400-600 GRADE

Question 27

POLIMERIZARE

Answer 27

nH2C=CH-R > (-CH2-CH-)n R LA CH