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Chimie Organica > Alcani > Flashcards

Alcani Flashcards

1
Q

Formula generala

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Reactii: met de obținere

A
  1. Sinteza directa din elemente BERTHELOT
  2. Hidrogenarea acizilor de carbon CO, CO2
  3. Hidrogenarea hidrocarburilor nesaturate
  4. Hidrogenarea unor combinații organice
  5. Hidroliza carburilor metalice
  6. Compuși organo-metalici ai metalelor usoare Zn, Mg
  7. Reacția Würtz
  8. Decarboxilarea acizilor organici
  9. Metoda Kölbe
  10. Reducerea derivatilor halogenati
  11. Cicloalcani inferiori
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3
Q

Reactii: prop chimice

A

Substitutie
1. Cu cloru si bromu
2. Nitrare
3. Sulfonarea si sulfoclorurarea
4. Oxoclorurarea
Dehidrogenarea
Oxidarea
Descompunere termica cracare si piroliza
Izomerizare

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4
Q

Sinteza din elemente

A

C + H2 > CH4

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5
Q

Hidrogenarea ac de carbon

A

Co2/Co + h2 > ch4 + h2o

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6
Q

Hidrogenarea hidrocarburi nesaturate

A

RCH=CHR + h2 > rch2ch2r

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7
Q

Hidrogenarea unor combinații organice

A

Roh + hi > ri + h2o
Ri + hi > rh + i2

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8
Q

Compusi organometalici

A

R2Zn + h2o > rh + znoh2
Rx +mg > rxmg
Rxmg + h2o > rh +mgohx

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9
Q

Reactia wurtz

A

R’x + r”x +na > r’r” + nax

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10
Q

Decarboxilarea ac org

A

Rcooh > rh + co2

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11
Q

Reducerea der halogenati

A

Rch2x + c2h5oh + na > rch3+ c2h5ona + hx

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12
Q

Cicloalcani

A

Ciclu de 3 + h2 > c-c-c

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13
Q

Fosgen

A

COCl2

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14
Q

Clorura de oxalil

A

ClCOCOCl

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15
Q

Substitutie cu clor brom

A

Rh + x2 > rx + hx
Lumina

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16
Q

Nitrare

A

Ch4 +hono2 > ch3no2 + h2o

17
Q

Sulfoclorurare si oxoclorurare

A

Se fac la fel
Sulfoclorurare cu so2cl
Oxoclorurarea cu fosgen sau clorura de oxalil
In poz 1 si izo
La lumina

18
Q

Dehidrogenarea

A

Butan > butena
Temperatura

19
Q

Oxidarea incompletă

A
  1. Ch4 + o2 > ch2o
  2. In atmosfera lipsita de o
    Ch4 + 1/2o2 > ch3oh
    Temperatura 400 presiune 150
  3. Cu vapori de apa
    Ch4 + h2o > co + h2
    Cu 800 si Ni
  4. Ardere incompleta
    Ch4 + o2 > c + h2o
    Negru dee fum
  5. R-ch2n-ch3 +[o] > r-ch2n-cooh + h2o
  6. Amino oxidare
    Ch4 + nh3 + o2 > hcn + h2o
20
Q

Oxidare completa

A

Ch4 + o2 > co2 + h2o

21
Q

Descompunere termica cracare

A

Leg c-c la <650
C-c-c-c > c-c + c=c
C-c-c-c > c c-c=c

22
Q

Descompunere termica piroliza

A

Leg c-h la > 650
C-c-c-c > c-c-c=c + h2
C-c-c-c > c-c=c-c + h2

23
Q

Izomerizarea

A

C-c-c-c > c-c-c in c in izo
Alcl3 si temperatura

24
Q

Met de obt hidroliza carburilor metalice

A

Al4C3 + h2O > Al(OH)3 + CH4
LA FEL CU Be

Chimie Organica (4 decks)

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