AL 1 Flashcards
stem cells characterized by 2 things
self-renewal (rare. SC ~quiescent) & multipotent (give rise to progeny thru successive differentiation steps, to mature cells)
HSC found in?
BM, cord blood, less in peripheral blood
HSC are what kind of cells & do what?
long lived, give rise to all blood cells
HSC in how many BM cells? per person?
HSC are RARE. comprise ~1 per 10^8 BM cells. 11k-22k.
normal hematopoiesis is
polyclonal
HSC contrib to prod ? new blood cells each day
10^11 -12
hematopoiesis is when HSC make…
mature blood cells
where does hematopoiesis ~occur in adults?
BM
myeloid cells
monocytes>macrophages, eosino, baso, neutrophils
lymphoid cells
NK cell, T, B lymphocytes
AL vs CL: cells & chromatin
AL - immature cells, more open nuclear chromatin. CL - mature, clumped
AL vs CL: progress
AL - rapid, CL - slow
AL vs CL: treatment
AL - need immediately. CL - monitor some time before treat
AL vs CL: characterization of hematopoietic cancer
AL - proliferation of immature cells. CL - mature.
leukemia 4 main types
ALL lymphoblastic, CLL lymphocytic, AML myeloid, CML myelogenous
leukemias disrupt hematopoiesis. polyclonal turns to
monoclonal
blasts
HSC, common myeloid, lymphoid progenitors
CLL / CML
incr in B lymphocytes mostly / baso, neutro, eosinophils, monocytes
AML, ALL
incr in common myeloid / lymphoid progenitor
AL pathology
decr rbc, platelets, wbc, incr blasts > 20%
AL clin outcome (fib llots)
fatigue, infection, bleeding. leukostasis, tissue infiltration, organ fail, enlarged lymph nodes/spleen
AL etiology - idiopathic
acquired somatic mutations
AL etiology - incr rate of mutations (gopf)
genotoxic exposures, history of other blood cancer, genetic predisposition syndrome, strong fam history
genetic predisposition syndrome
fanconi anemia