AKI Ch. 47

Question 1

Pre-renal azotemia

Answer 1

Hypovolemia
Cardiac Failure
Hepatorenal syndrome

Question 2

Renal Artery

Answer 2

Renal artery occlusion

Large or medium vessel vasculitis

Question 3

Small-vessel disease

Answer 3

Thrombotic microangiopathy
Renal atheroembolism
Small-vessel vasculitis

Question 4

Glomerular disease

Answer 4

Anti-GBM Disease
Lupus nephritis
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Infective endocarditis 
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Cryoglobulinemia
IgA nephropathy/Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Question 5

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer 5

Ischemia
Nephrotoxins
Rhabdomyolisis
Radiocontrast Agents

Question 6

Acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 6

Drugs
Infection
Systemic disease

Question 7

Intratubular obstruction

Answer 7

Cast nephropathy
Drugs
Crystalluria

Question 8

Post-renal obstruction

Answer 8

Bladder outlet obstruction
Tumors
Renal calculi
Papillary necrosis

Question 9

Which lab values can be expected for a patient who has AKI?

Answer 9

BUN 30 mg/dL, this is above the expected reference range of 10 to 20 mg/dL.

Oliguria, such as U/O of 40 mL in 2 hours.

Hematocrit level below 42, such as 30%.

Question 10

Delays in functioning of a transplanted kidney

Answer 10

Urine output 30 mL/2hr

Question 11

What is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 11

It is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage, such as protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling.

Question 12

Pt has nephrotic syndrome, taking prednisone. What is an adverse effect of taking prednisone?

Answer 12

Sore throat is an indication of an infection.

Question 13

Acute glomerulonephritis expected findings:

Answer 13

Dark, reddish brown color urine
Decreased urine output
Retain sodium and fluid, leading to elevated blood pressure.
Weight gain due to fluid retention.

Question 14

What is nephrectomy?

Answer 14

Surgical removal of the kidney
Assess for low WBC count= infection

Removing the kidney also means the adrenal glands are also gone which puts the pt. at greatest risk for hypotension and decrease in urine output. Due to acute adrenal insufficiency.

Question 15

Signs of nephrotoxicity

Answer 15

Patient’s taking aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, can damage the cells of the proximal renal tubules, causing acute tubular necrosis. Monitor also for AKI.