AKI and CKD Flashcards
What is the range for BUN?
10-20 mg/dL
What is the normal range for Creatinine?
0.5-1.2 mg/dL
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the normal range for Urine Specific Gravity?
1.010-1.025
What is the normal range for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
125 mL/min or greater
What does BUN and Creatinine represent?
Waste products of digestion and metabolsim
What does BUN and Creatinine represent?
Waste products of digestion and metabolism
Where is prerenal? What does it do?
The heart; decreased renal blood flow causes kidney tissue damage
Where is intrarenal? What does it do?
Kidney directly; direct damage to kidney tissue, hardest to reverse
Where is postrenal? What does it do?
Below the kidneys, urine blocked; mechanical obstruction in urine outflow causes urine reflux back to kidneys (hydronephrosis) which causes kidney damage
What classifies the severity of AKI?
R-Risk
I-Injury
F-Failure
L-Loss
E-End-stage Renal Disease
What are the three stages of AKI?
Oligonic Phase
Diuretic Phase
Recovery Phase
How much urine output do patients have in oliguria phase?
Less than (<) 400mL/day of urine
What is the range for urine?
800-2000mL
What are the clinical manifestations of oliguric phase?
Fluid Retention (Hypervolemia)
Jugular Venous Distention (JVP)
Edema
Bounding pulse
Crackles
Kussmaul Respirstions
Low sodium (Na+) (<136)
High potassium (K+) (>5.0)
Waste Product Accumulation (Increased BUN and Creatinine)
Fatigue, confusion, seizures, coma
What are the clinical manifestations of the diuretic phase?
Increased urine output (kidneys cannot concentrate urine)
Hypovolemia and hypotension
Large losses of electrolytes
What is the clinical manifestation of recovery phase?
GFR increases
BUN and Creatinine decreases
Filtration function returns
(T/F) Diuretics are used early to prevent fluid retention in AKI
True
(T/F) Dialysis is used in late stages to manage AKI
True
What are the lab results your see in AKI? BUN, Creatinine, Potassium, Urine Specific Gravity, and GFR. Up or down
BUN increases
Creatinine increases
Potassium increases
Urine Specific Gravity decreases
GFR decreases
Who is at high risk for AKI?
Elderly
Heart or Kidney failure
Burn patients
Patients receiving nephrotoxic medication (NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors)
Patients with contrast dye
(T/F) CKD is reversible
False, CKD is progressive and irreversible
What is the range of GFR for CKD?
Greater than (<) 60mL/min/1.73m2
What are clinical manifestations of CKD?
Uremia
Increased BUN, Creatinine and Potassiun
Metabolic Acidosis
Anemia
Infection
Cardiovascular disease
Lethargy, confusion, fatigue, coma
