AKI Flashcards
1
Q
What are the groups of causes of AKI?
A
Pre-renal - blood flow to kidneys
Renal - Damage to kidney parenchyma
Post-renal - Problems with urine outlfow
2
Q
What are the pre-renal causes of AKI?
A
1) Reduced circulating volume (hypotension, dehydration, congestive heart failure)
2) Arterial occlusion
3) Vasomotor (NSAIDS/ACE i’s)
3
Q
What are the renal causes of AKI?
A
- Acute Tubular Necrosis
- Toxin-related
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Myeloma
4
Q
What are the post-renal causes of AKI?
A
Obstruction:
- Intraluminal (calculi)
- Intramural (malignancy, ureteric stricture)
- Extramural
5
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of AKI?
A
- Oliguria or anuria
- Nausea and vomitting
- Confusion
- Hypertension
- Abdominal/flank pain
6
Q
What are the investigations and assessment of AKI?
A
- GFR
- U&E’s
- FBC
- Blood gas
- Urinalysis (Bence Jones Protein, blood, protein)
7
Q
What is the treatment for AKI?
A
- Maintain fluids & renal blood flow
- Monitor electrolytes
- Treat underlying cause
- Stop nephrotoxic drugs
