Ajudication Without Trial Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a TRO and a Preliminary Injunction?

A

TRO used to maintain status quo before hearing for Preliminary Injunction can be held

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2
Q

What’s the purpose of a TRO?

A

To preserve the status quo until a hearing for a preliminary injunction can be held

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3
Q

Can a TRO be issued “ex parte” and if so, how?

A

Yes; done only if:
1) Applicant files paper under oath showing that w/o TRO, she’ll suffer “immediate and irreparable harm”
2) Applicant’s lawyer certifies (in writing) her best efforts to give oral/written notice to other party or why notice not needed

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4
Q

What does “ex parte” mean?

A

Court does something without giving notice to other party

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5
Q

If court issues TRO, what must applicant do?

A

Post bond to cover other side’s costs and damages caused if it turns out TRO wrongfully issued

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6
Q

If the court issues a TRO, the order must be served on the D ______.

A

as soon as possible (generally not effective until notice received)

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7
Q

What is required of the TRO’s contents?

A

Must:
1) State its terms specifically
2) Describe in detail what D must do/refrain from
3) State why it was issued
4) State why threatened injury to P was irreparable

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8
Q

How long is a TRO effective for?

A

no more than 14 days unless otherwise stated by court (but note, can be extended to 28 days)

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9
Q

Is a TRO issuance immediately appealable?

A

No

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10
Q

Can the parties alter the TRO before it expires?

A

Yes…
Restrained party: may move to dissolve/modify before expiration
Applicant: if good cause shown, can add another 14 days

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11
Q

What is a preliminary injunction?

A

Maintains status quo until the court can ajudicate the underlying claim on the merits

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12
Q

Can a preliminary injunction be issued ex parte?

A

No

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13
Q

What burden is on PI applicant?

A

Applicant must show:
1) likely to suffer irreparable harm
2) likely to win underlying case on merits
3) balance of hardship favors her
4) Injunction is in the public interest

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14
Q

Is there a right to an injunction?

A

No, at court’s discretion

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15
Q

What must court do in granting or denying PI?

A

Make specific findings of fact and separate conclusions of law

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16
Q

Can a PI be appealed?

A

Yes, appealable as of right

17
Q

When does prejudice kick in for P’s claim withdrawals?

A

After the 1st occurrence (i.e., P gets one free chance to refile without prejudice)

18
Q

Can P withdraw case without court’s permission?

A

Yes; may do so without penalty BEFORE D serves answer/moves for SJ

19
Q

What if P attempts to withdraw case after D’s answer/motion for SJ?

A

Court permission is required (unless parties reach voluntary stipulation)

20
Q

What happens if P withdraws claim a second time?

A

Dismissal is with prejudice, which is an ajudication on the merits and bars refiling by P

21
Q

When might a default/default judgment occur?

A

If D doesn’t respond within 21 days of being served

22
Q

When might a default/default judgment occur if service was waived?

A

If D doesn’t respond within 60 days of being served

23
Q

How does a default happen?

A

P must move for entry of default by showing D failed to respond in time

24
Q

What happens if D responds before default entered?

A

Negates default as D still allowed to answer up until default entered

25
Q

What’s the effect of entry of default?

A

Cuts off D’s right to respond BUT doesn’t automatically entitle P to relief (P must seek default judgment)

26
Q

How can a clerk enter a default judgment?

A

1) D hasn’t “appeared” at all
2) Claim itself is for a sum certain
3) P gives an affidavit of sum owed
4) D not a minor or incompetent

27
Q

If criteria not met for clerk to enter default judgment, what happens?

A

P must apply for DJ to court

28
Q

What does a default judgment hearing entail?

A

Judge decides whether to enter judgment at their discretion

29
Q

What limitations/requirements apply to a DJ hearing?

A

D entitled to notice IF she appeared at some point; AND P’s recovery limited to what included in complaint

30
Q

What is a motion to set aside default or default judgment?

A

D can move to have set aside by showing 1) good cause and 2) viable defense

31
Q

What is a motion for failure to state a claim?

A

from FRCP 12(b)(6); allows case to be dismissed if P fails to state claim

32
Q

What’s the difference between a motion for failure to state a claim and a motion for judgment on the pleadings?

A

Motion for judgment on the pleadings occurs AFTER D answers

33
Q

What does a judge consider in ruling on motion for FTSAC/JOTP?

A

Whether plaintiff’s factual allegations, if truthful, state a plausible claim based on her common sense/experience (P’s legal conclusions ignored)

34
Q

What is a motion for summary judgment?

A

from FRCP 56; Used to weed out cases where trial unnecessary (occurs after P survives all R12 motions)

35
Q

What is the standard for

A

Moving party must show:
1) No genuine dispute on material fact; AND
2) She’s entitled to judgment as a matter of law

(*BUT note, judge has some discretion to deny motion even if shown)

36
Q

When can a party move for summary judgment?

A

No later than 30 days after close of discovery

37
Q

What matters are considered in an summary judgment motion?

A

Court can look at evidence (in light most favorable to nonmoving party), including affidavits, declarations, deposition testimony, or interrogatory answers

38
Q

What’s “partial” summary judgment?

A

Where court only rules on one aspect of case (also called summary ajudication)

39
Q

What must nonmoving party do if they want more time to gather evidence to oppose the motion?

A

File an affidavit or declaration with court saying what evidence would be