Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATLS > Airway + Ventilation > Flashcards

Airway + Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Definitive airway

A

A tube placed in trachea below vocal cords and a cuff inflated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to deal with vomiting and risk of aspiration

A

Immediate suction and rotate patient to the lateral position whilst restricting cervical motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Airway management in laryngeal fracture

A

Try ET intubation

If not, try emergency tracheostomy

If difficult, do cricothyroidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Noisy breathing sign of

A

Partial airway obstruction

(eg snoring, stridor, gurgling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Absence of breath sound sign of

A

complete airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Helmet removal technique

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Factors that indicate the potential for difficulties with airway manoeuvres

A

C spine injury

Severe arthritis of c spine

Sig Maxillofacial or mandibular trauma

Limited mouth opening

Obesity

Anatomical variation (eg receding chin, iverbite, short muscular neck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LEMON assessment of difficult ventilation

A

Look externally; small mouth or jaw, facial trauma

Evaluate 3-3-2 rule

Mallampati

Obstruction

Neck mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

E in LEMON assessment

A

Assessment of difficulty of intubation by 3-3-2 rule

If the following criteria are met it is less likely to be difficult intubation

The distance in finger breadths:

  • between incisors: at least 3
  • between hyoid and chin: at least 3
  • between thyroid notch and floor of the mouth: at least 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

M in LEMON assessment

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Algorithm for assessing the need for intubation in trauma pt with suspected c spine injury

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is airway obstructed in pt with reduced consciousness

A

tongue could fall backwards blocking airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to deal with airway obstruction if tongue is the cause

A

Chin-lift or jaw-thrust

(Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airways maintain the airway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chin lift in presence of c spine stabilisation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Jaw thrust in presence of c spine stabilisation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contra-indication to NP airway

A

Cribriform plate fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to insert OP airway in adults

A

upside down and rotate 180 degrees as entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to insert OP airway in children

A

Right way down, do not rotate 180 degrees as can damage mouth and pharynx

Could use a tongue blade to depress the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Supraglottic airways

A

LMA

i-gel

Laryngeal tube airway (LTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LMA

A

With balloon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ILMA

A

Intubation through laryngeal mask airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

i-gel

A

Does not require inflation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extraglottic airway

A

LTA or ILTA (note arent definitive airways)

intubating LTA (ILTA) allows intubation through LTA

24
Q

Examples of definitive airway

A

Orotracheal tube

Nasotracheal tube

Surgical airway (cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy)

25
Q

Indications for definitive airway

A
  1. Inability to maintain an airway by other means eg in inhalation injury, facial fractures, or retropharyngeal haematoma
  2. inability to maintain adequate oxygenation by face mask or presence of apnoea
  3. combativeness or obtundation due to reduced GCS
26
Q

Which one comes first c spine or airway

A

Airway:

If the definitive airway is needed eg GCS <8, intubate before obtaining imaging for c spine

27
Q

Which of orotracheal and endotracheal is better for a spontaneously breathing patient

A

nasotracheal

28
Q

Which one of oro/nasotracheal intubation methods are more commonly used

A

Orotracheal

29
Q

Complications of nasotracheal airways

A

Sinusitis

Pressure necrosis

30
Q

Which one of oro/nasotracheal airways used for apnoea

A

orotracheal

31
Q

Relative contraindication for nasotracheal airway

A

Facial, frontal, basilar skull, and cribriform plate fractures

32
Q

Raccoon eyes

A

periorbital bilateral ecchymosis

temporal bone fracture

33
Q

Battle sign

A

Post auricular ecchymosis

34
Q

Role of cricoid pressure during intubation

A

Can reduce risk of aspiration (although may limit the view of the larynx)

35
Q

Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer (ETTI) aka

A

Gum Elastic Bougie (GEB)

36
Q

Intubation using ETTI

A
37
Q

Borborygmi

A

Epigastric rumbling/gurgling sound after intubation

Indicates oesophageal intubation

38
Q

How to confirm correct intubation

A

Auscultation (suggests correct placement but does not confirm)

carbon dioxide detector (capnograph) (not able to exclude single bronchial intubation)

CXR (confirms correct placement)

39
Q

Rapid sequence induction (RSI) drugs in trauma setting

A

Suxamethonium as muscle relaxant

Etomidate as anaesthetic agent with mild sedation

40
Q

Problems with etomidate

A

suppresses adrenal gland

41
Q

Positives of etomidate

A

Doesn’t affect blood pressure or intracranial pressure

42
Q

Why not use thiopental in rapid sequence induction

A

It causes myocardial instability

In trauma pt likely to have hypovolaemia

43
Q

Problems with suxamethonium

A

Hyperkalaemia (careful use in crush injuries, major burns or electrical burns)

(Extremely careful in CKD, chronic paralysis, chronic neuromuscular disease)

44
Q

Indications for surgical airway

A

Glottis oedema

Larynx #

Severe oropharyngeal haemorrhage

Inability to place ET tube

45
Q

Which surgical airway is more commonly used, cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy

A

Cricothyroidotomy:

  • less bleeding than tracheostomy
  • faster
46
Q

Needle cricothyroidotomy procedure

A

Large bore cannula through the cricothyroid membrane

Side hole on the cannula or a Y connector to attach to 15L/m oxygen

47
Q

What size needle should be used for the needle cricothyroidotomy

A

12-14 gauge in adults

16-18 gauge in children

48
Q

The ratio of ventilation to pause in needle cricothyroidotomy

A

1 second on, 4 seconds off (by placing the thumb on the other side of the y tube, or the other side of the hole)

This allows passive exhalation

49
Q

How long can needle cricothyroidotomy last

A

30-45 mins

(due to inadequate exhalation and CO2 accumulation)

50
Q

The risk with percutaneous trans-tracheal intubation

A

barotrauma including pulmonary rupture, pneumothorax

51
Q

When would you use needle cricothyroidotomy over surgical cricothyroidotomy?

A

The needle is more urgent than surgical

52
Q

Surgical cricothyroidotomy procedure

A
53
Q

Contra-indication to surgical cricothyroidotomy

A

Children under 12

Easy to damage cricoid cartilage (the only circumferential structure that provides support to the upper airway)

54
Q

PaO2 levels associated with different SpO2 sats

A
55
Q

Use of pulse oximetry is limited in which scenarios

A

Severe vasoconstriction

Carbon monoxide poisoning

ATLS (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions