Airway/Respiration/Ventilation

Question 1

hypoxia

Answer 1

inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells

Question 2

early indications of hypoxia

Answer 2

restlessness, anxiety, irritability, dyspnea, tachycardia

Question 3

late indications of hypoxia

Answer 3

altered level of consciousness, cyanosis, bradycardia

Question 4

bradycardia

Answer 4

slow heartrate, <60bpm

Question 5

Patients with COPD have chronically high levels of ____

Answer 5

CO2

Question 6

Brain damage begins in __ minutes
Permanent brain damage begins in __ minutes
Irrecoverable injury begins in __minutes

Answer 6

4, 6, 10

Question 7

Adult normal respiratory rate

Answer 7

12 to 20 breaths per minutes

Question 8

Child normal respiratory rate

Answer 8

15 to 30 bpm

Question 9

Infant normal respiratory rate

Answer 9

25 to 50 bpm

Question 10

Wheezing

Answer 10

high-pitched lung sounds heard during exhalation

Question 11

Rales

Answer 11

wet or crackling sounds on inhalation, can indicate heart failure

Question 12

stridor

Answer 12

high pitched sound indicating upper airway obstruction

Question 13

Below __%O2 sat indicates need for supplemental oxygen

Answer 13

94%

Question 14

When should you not use the head-tilt chin lift?

Answer 14

suspected spine injury

Question 15

jaw-thrust maneuver is for conscious or unconscious people?

Answer 15

conscious people

Question 16

when to use an OPA

Answer 16

use - unconscious patients without a gag reflex

do not use - conscious, patients with gag reflex

Question 17

when to use an NPA and when to not use

Answer 17

use - conscious patients with gag reflex

don’t use - severe head injury/trauma, resistance to insertion, <1 year of age

Question 18

suction time cannot exceed:
___for adults
___child patients
___infants

Answer 18

15
10
5

Question 19

full cylinder is ___ psi

Answer 19

2000; should be taken out if less than 200

Question 20

flow rate of a non-rebreather

Answer 20

10-15 lpm (never administer less than 10 lpm)

Question 21

should the reservoir be full before applying a non rebreather mask to patient?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

oxygen delivered in a nonrebreather?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

flow rate nasal cannula & oxygen % delivered

Answer 23

1-6 lpm, 24-44%

Question 24

simple face mask flow rate & % oxygen delivered

Answer 24

6-10 lpm, 40-60%

Question 25

when to use assisted ventilation vs nonrebreather/nasal cannula etc

Answer 25

assisted ventilation = inadequate spontaneous breathing; severe respiratory distress, often unresponsive but not always

Question 26

Consider artificial ventilation for anyone breathing less than __ per minute or more than __ per minute

Answer 26

8 times

24 times

Question 27

Do you need an OPA or NPA when providing assisted ventilation?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

normal breathing is through positive or negative pressure?

Answer 28

Negative

Question 29

Correct rate of artificial ventilation for apneic patients with a pulse

• adults
• infants and children
• newborns

Answer 29

adults = one breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 per minute)
children/infants = one breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20 per minute) 
newborns = one breath every 1 to 1.5 seconds (40-60 per minute)

Question 30

pneumothorax

Answer 30

accumulation of air in the pleural space

Question 31

sucking chest wound

Answer 31

hole in the chest—from a gunshot wound, stabbing, or other puncture wound—that makes a new pathway for air to travel into the chest cavity. chest—from a gunshot wound, stabbing, or other puncture wound—that makes a new pathway for air to travel into the chest cavity

Question 32

Cardiac output =

Answer 32

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 33

Blood pressure =

Both formulas

Answer 33

Cardiac output x PVR

heart rate x stroke volume x heart rate

Question 34

Flail segment

Answer 34

broken rigs in two or more sections on the check wall, causes paradoxial movement (flail segment is moving in the opposite direction of the other part of the chest) - super painful

Question 35

What are the inside and outside layers of the lungs?

Answer 35

visceral = inside

plueral - outside

Question 36

How do you judge tidal volume?

Answer 36

Judge rise and fall

Question 37

minute volume

Answer 37

= respiratory rate x tidal volume

Question 38

COPD

Answer 38

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 39

rhonchi

Answer 39

low-pitched, noisy sounds most prominent on exhalation - suggests mucus in lungs

Question 40

What breathing disorder does metabolic alkalosis create?

Answer 40

bradycardia, reduction in depth and rate of respirations

Question 41

What is the best position for an endotracheal intubation?

Answer 41

sniffing position (combination of flexion of the neck and extension of the head, elevate head with pillow)

Question 42

Adventitious breath sounds

Answer 42

abnormal breath sounds, usually indicating partial obstruction

Question 43

a bag-valve mask with a filled reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute can deliver nearly ___% oxygen to the patient

Answer 43

100%