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xB13W2 > AIRWAY PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

AIRWAY PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

how do beta 2 agonists work?

A

they bind to beta 2 adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells which activates adenylyl cyclase which leads to increased cAMP production and causes smooth muscle relaxation
can also stimulate receptors on mast cells to decrease the release of inflammatory mediators

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2
Q

what are the 2 groups of beta agonist?

A

short acting beta 2 agonists (SABA)

long acting beta 2 agonists (LABA)

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3
Q

what are examples of SABAs?

A

salbutamol
metaproterenol
albuterol
terbutaline

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4
Q

how fast do SABAs work and for how long?

A

5 minutes and last 2-4 hours

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5
Q

what are the indications for SABAs?

A

acute asthma attacks and exercise induced bronchospasm

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6
Q

what are side effects of SABAs?

A 
tachycardia
palpitations
muscle tremors
restlessness
insomnia
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7
Q

what are examples of LABAs?

A

salmeterol

formoterol

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8
Q

how long do LABAs work for?

A

> 12 hours

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9
Q

what are the indications for LABAs?

A

given twice a day for propylaxis for asthma attacks

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10
Q

what are LABA side efefcts?

A

siilar to SABA but more extreme due to their longer duration of actiion

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11
Q

what are corticosteroids moa?

A

they enter immune cells and increase production of annexin-1 which inhibit phospholipase A2 and therefore downregulates the synthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins
(can also down regulate COX2)
(can also inhibit proliferation of TH2 cells)

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12
Q

what are examples of inhaled corticosteroids therapy?

A 
dexamethasone
beclomethazone
mometasone
budesonide 
fluticasone
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13
Q

what are side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A 
oropharyngeal candida 
sore mouth/throat
cough
hoarse voice
nosebleeds
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14
Q

what is the first line systemic oral corticosteroid therapy given for asthma?

A

prednisolone

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15
Q

when is systemic corticosteroid therapy given in asthma?

A

when its severe, chronic and when other therapies have failed to control the symptoms

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16
Q

what are the side effects of systemic corticosteroid therapy?

A 
susceptibility to infections
growth retardation
easy bruising
hyperglycaemia
weight gain
17
Q

what type of drug is montelukast?

A

a leukotriene receptor antagonist

18
Q

what is montelukasts moa?

A

it selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 at CysLT1 receptor in the human airway, preventing airway oedema, smooth muscle contractions and enhanced secretion of thick mucus

19
Q

what type of drug is ipratropium?

A

an anticholinergic agent

xB13W2 (7 decks)

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