Airway Flashcards

1
Q

How many classes are there in the Mallampati score?

A

4

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2
Q

Describe the 4 classes of Mallampati score

A

Class 1: Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars
Class 2: Soft palate, uvula, fauces
Class 3: Soft palate, base of uvula visible
Class 4: Only hard plate visible

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3
Q

What is the classification for views of glottis during laryngoscopy?

A

The cormack-lehane classification

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4
Q

What are the 4 grades of the Cormack-Lehane Classification?

A

Grade 1: Full view of glottis
Grade 2: Partial view of glottis, only posterior extremity of glottis seen or only arytenoid cartilages
Grade 3: Only epiglottis seen
Grade 4: Neither glottis nor epiglottis seen

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5
Q

What length at the lips should an ETT be for male and female adults?

A

Male: 22-24cm
Female: 20-22cm

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6
Q

What type of ETT is used for adults?

A

Cuffed Parker Flexi-Tip
9.0 - adult male
8.0 - adult male/female
7.0 - adult female
6.0 - large child

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7
Q

What type of ETT is used for paediatrics?

A

Microcuff
5.5 - 8-10yo
5.0 - 6-8yo
4.5 - 4-6yo
4.0 - 2-4yo
3.5 - 8mo-2yo

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8
Q

What type of ETT is used to pre-term infants?

A

Coviden Cuffless
2.5 - appropriate pre-term infants

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9
Q

What type of bougie is used for intubation?

A

Frova 14Fr intubating catheter
Used for adult and large child intubation

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10
Q

Do you use a bougie or stylet for intubation paediatrics?

A

Stylet
10Fr intubating stylet for ETT sizes 4.5 - 5.5
6Fr intubating stylet for ETT sizes 2.5 - 4.0

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11
Q

What are the indications for oral endotracheal intubation?

A

Actual loss of airway patency and/or airway protection

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12
Q

What are the contraindications for oral endotracheal intubation?

A

Conscious breathing patients

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13
Q

What are the 7 complications of oral endotracheal intubation?

A

Unrecognised oesophageal insertion
Malposition
Aspiration
Hypoxia
Laryngospasm
Oropharyngeal trauma
Vagal nerve stimulation

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14
Q

When using an intubating catheter or boogie, what can indicate you are in the trachea?

A

Clicking of the tracheal rings and hold up when the boogie contacts the carina

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15
Q

How do you align the airway axes in adults and paediatrics?

A

Adults - elevate the head (“ramping”)
Older child - extension of the head
Small child - slight extension of the head
Infant - slight elevation of the shoulders

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16
Q

What are the sizes of LMA for weight groups?

A

1: Neonate 2 - 5kg
1.5: Infant 5 - 12kg
2: Small paediatric 10-25kg
2.5: Large paediatric 25-35kg
3: small adult 30-60kg
4: Medium adult 50-90kg
5: Large adult >90kg

17
Q

What are the indications for LMA?

A

Actual loss of airway patency and/or airway protection

18
Q

What are the 2 contraindications for LMA?

A

Conscious breathing patients
Continuous use for >4 hours

19
Q

What are the 5 complications of LMA insertion?

A

Failure to provide adequate airway or ventilation
Patient intolerance
Hypoxia
Can precipitate vomiting and aspiration in a patient with intact airway reflexes
Oropharyngeal trauma

20
Q

What is the mnemonic for predicting difficult airways?

A

L - look - beard, dentures, missing teeth
E - Evaluate - 3-3-2
M - Mallampati score
O - Obstruction - foreign body, tumour, vomitus, haematoma
N - neck motility - able to touch chin to chest and hyperextend head/neck

21
Q

What is the carina and where on the sternum does it lie behind?

A

The carina is where the trachea bifercates into the left and right main bronchus.
It is at the level of the angle of Louis

22
Q

How long is the trachea?

A

The trachea is 10-13cm long

23
Q

What are the landmarks for the triangle of safety?

A

Base of the axilla, lateral border of pectoralis major, anterior border of latissimus dorsi, nipple line/mammary fold.
Incision site is at 4th intercostal space anterior to the midaxilla lane

24
Q

What technique does QAS use for surgical cricothyrotomy?

A

Scalpel bougie technique

25
Q

What is the technique for cutting the cricothyroid membrane?

A

SERT
Stab (scalpel blade facing you)
Extend towards you as far as possible
Reverse
Turn scalpel towards feet