Airspace + weather minimums Flashcards
Terminal Area
Charts
Terminal Area Charts (TACs) are especially helpful when flying in or near Class B airspace. They provide a more detailed view of the terminal area and its immediate surroundings.
Class B
Class B airspace is found near major cities. Unlike Class C and D airspace, establishing communication with ATC is only the first step when flying into Class B airspace. Pilots must then receive an explicit clearance into Class B by ATC before entering the airspace.
* Dimensions: Customized to each area.
* Equipment Requirements: Two-way radio, Operable Mode C transponder.
* Entry Requirements: ATC clearance prior to entry.
* Speed Limit: 250 knots below 10,000 msl.
Flying Near MTRs
If your route takes you near or over an
MTR, cross it at a 90-degree angle to spend as little time as possible exposed to the high-speed traffic.
Military Training
Routes (MTRS)
Military Training Routes (MTRs) were developed to conduct low-altitude, high-speed training. Operations along MTRs regularly exceed 250 knots.
Class E
Class E airspace is located outside all other types of airspace. In areas with instrument approaches and/or heavier traffic, Class E replaces Class G: Its more restrictive weather minimums provide greater separation for IF and VFR aircraft.
* Dimensions: Class E airspace extends from various altitudes up to 17,999 msl. It also exists above FL600 (good luck getting up there!).
* Speed Limits:
* None above 10,000 msl
* 250 knots below 10,000 msl
* 200 knots below 2,500 agl within 4 nm of a Class C or D
airport
Contiguous ADIZ
The Contiguous ADIZ lies off the east and west U.S. coastlines and follows the U.S.-Mexico border. Aircraft crossing the ADIZ must:
Sar
Ygnacio
(313)
andpipe
723
(395)
*numerous small reservoirs
Escobas
standpipe
ranc
ZAPATA CO (APY) AWOS-3 118.225
422 *L 50 122.7
- 625
954
(340)
*(423)
* Be on an IFR or DVFR flight plan
* Be equipped with a two-way radio and Mode C transponder
MEXICO
GUOUS
67.
UC
819
130717A
1908
* Have registration numbers at least
:48.
ranch
ranch
96
12” tall
Air Defense
Identification
Zone
The contiguous Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is designed to allow ATC to identify aircraft in the vicinity of
U.S. and international airspace boundaries.
Overflight
Prohibition Areas
Designed to protect certain marine sanctuaries from aerial disturbance, pilots are prohibited from flying below 1,000 agl (or 2,000 agl, depending on the zone’s specifics). Although it is not an FAA airspace restriction, flying below the minimum altitude for these zones is a violation of NOAA regulations. See the Learn More for details.
Restricted Areas
Restricted areas denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. If the restricted area is not active and has been released to the controlling agency (FAA), the ATC facility will allow the aircraft to operate in the restricted airspace without issuing specific clearance for it to do so.
Prohibited Areas
area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts.
Warning Areas
A warning area is airspace of defined dimensions, extending from three nautical miles outward from the coast of the U.S., that contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of such warning areas is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the potential danger. A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both.
MOA
Examples of activities conducted in MOAs include, but are not limited to: air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics. Pilots operating under VFR should exercise extreme caution while flying within a MOA when military activity is being conducted. The activity status (active/inactive) of MOAs may change frequently. Therefore, pilots should contact any FSS within 100 miles of the area to obtain accurate real‐time information concerning the MOA hours of operation. Prior to entering an active MOA, pilots should contact the controlling agency for traffic advisories.
Alert Areas
Alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity. Pilots should be particularly alert when flying in these areas. All activity within an alert area must be conducted in accordance with CFRs, without waiver, and pilots of participating aircraft as well as pilots transiting the area must be equally responsible for collision avoidance.
Controlled Firing Areas
CFAs contain activities which, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The distinguishing feature of the CFA, as compared to other special use airspace, is that its activities are suspended immediately when spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout positions indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area. There is no need to chart CFAs since they do not cause a nonparticipating aircraft to change its flight path.
National Security Areas
NSAs consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through the depicted NSA. When it is necessary to provide a greater level of security and safety, flight in NSAs may be temporarily prohibited by regulation under the provisions of 14 CFR Section 99.7. Regulatory prohibitions will be issued by System Operations Security and disseminated via NOTAM. Inquiries about NSAs should be directed to System Operations Security.
