aerodynamics

Question 1

Vne

Answer 1

never exceed speed- 163

Question 2

Vno

Answer 2

max. structural cruising speed- 129

Question 3

Va

Answer 3

maneuvering speed:
2,550- 105
2,200- 98
1,900- 90

Question 4

Vfe

Answer 4

max. flap extended speed:
flaps 10- 110
flaps full- 85

Question 5

KCAS

Answer 5

KNOTS CALIBRATED AIRSPEED is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error and expressed in knots. knots calibrated airspeed is equal to KTAS in standard atmosphere at sea level

Question 6

KIAS

Answer 6

KNOTS INDICATED AIRSPEED is the speed shown on the airspeed indicator and expressed in knots

Question 7

KTAS

Answer 7

KNOTS TRUE AIRSPEED is the airspeed expressed in knots relative to undisturbed air which is KCAS corrected for altitude and temp.

Question 8

Vs

Answer 8

stalling speed or the min. steady flight speed-

Question 9

Vso

Answer 9

stalling speed or the min. steady flight speed in landing config. -

Question 10

Vx

Answer 10

best angle of climb speed- 68

Question 11

Vy

Answer 11

best rate of climb speed- 74

Question 12

max. ramp weight

Answer 12

2558

Question 13

max. takeoff/ max. landing weight

Answer 13

2550

Question 14

total fuel

Answer 14

56 gallons

Question 15

total usable

Answer 15

53 gallons

Question 16

oil sump capacity

Answer 16

8 quarts

Question 17

oil capacity total

Answer 17

9 quarts

Question 18

what are the left-turning tendencies?

Answer 18

torque, spiraling slipstream, gyroscopic procession, p-factor

Question 19

torque

Answer 19

The propeller in most single-engine airplanes rotates clockwise. This clockwise movement generates an equal force in the opposite direction. This causes the aircraft to move left during flight.

Question 20

spiraling slip stream

Answer 20

Slipstream is how the air spirals around the plane behind the propeller. This corkscrew pattern impacts the vertical stabilizer (also known as the rudder) on the left, thus creating yaw to the left. This left-turning tendency is more noticeable during takeoff when the speed of the propeller is faster than the speed of the plane.

Question 21

gyroscopic procession

Answer 21

If you take a gyroscope and spin it, you’ll notice it has two properties similar to that of an aircraft propeller. These are rigidity in space and precession. Thus, the precession observed in propellers is called ‘Gyroscopic precession.’ When you apply a force to a rotating object, the effect is felt at 90 degrees in the direction of the rotation. Gyroscopic precession is only significant during takeoff. When the aircraft’s tail rises, the force generated is felt at the top of the propeller.

Question 22

p-factor

Answer 22

it occurs when the thrust produced by the propeller is not constant. the blade always descends on the right while ascending on the left. The descending blade creates more lift. Hence, the total lift doesn’t get centered on the propeller arc. Because of this, the lift is offset to the right and the aircraft yaws to the left. P-Factor is more noticeable at higher angles of attack. Slow flight and takeoffs are prime examples of it. To counter this left-turning tendency, pilots input the right rudder to maintain attitude.