AirportPlanning Flashcards
NPAIS does what
It includes estimates of the amount of AIP money needed to fund infrastructure development projects that will bring existing and proposed airports that are significant to national air transportation (and thus eligible for Federal grants under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP), up to current design standards and add capacity to congested airports.
AIP
Airport Improvement Program (a Federal grant program that provides funds to airports that are deemed significant to national air transportation.
How often is the FAA required to provide Congress with a 5-year estimate of AIP eligible development?
Every two years.
what is the NPAIS?
the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems, which identifies nearly 3,400 existing and proposed airports that are significant to national air transportation and thus eligible to receive Federal grants under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP)..
What are Commercial Service Airports?
Pblicly owned airports that have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year and receive scheduled passenger service.
What are passenger boardings?
Revenue passenger boardings on an aircraft in service in air commerce whether or not in scheduled service, including passengers who continue on an aircraft in international flight that stops at an airport in any of the 50 States for a non-traffic purpose, such as refueling or aircraft maintenance rather than passenger activity.
What are Nonprimary Commercial Service Airports?
Nonprimary Commercial Service Airports are Commercial Service Airports that have at least 2,500 and no more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year.
What are Primary Commercial Service Airports?
Commercial Service Airports that have more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year.
Define hub categories for Primary Commercial Airports?
hub categories for Primary Commercial Airports are defined as a percentage of total passenger boardings within the United States in the most current calendar year ending before the start of the current fiscal year. [e.g. calendar year 2001 data are used for fiscal year 2003 since the fiscal year began 9 months after the end of that calendar year].(49 USC 47102).
What are Cargo Service Airports?
Cargo Service Airports are airports that, in addition to any other air transportation services that may be available, are served by aircraft providing air transportation of only cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds.
[An airport may be both a commercial service and a cargo service airport]
What is the minimum “landed weight” that a Cargo Service Airport provides?
More than 100 million pounds of only cargo
in intrastate, interstate, and foreign air transportation.
What are Reliever Airports?
Reliever Airports are publicly or privately-owned airports designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at Commercial Service Airports and to provide improved general aviation access to the overall community.
What are General Aviation Airports?
Privately owned, public use airports that enplane 2,500 or more passengers annually and receive scheduled airline service.
What is the largest single group of airports in the U.S. system?
General Aviation Airports (which may include some private rather than public provisions under the airport privatization pilot program authorized under Title 49 U.S.C., Section 47134).
Airside:
portion of airport that support aircraft and aircraft-related activities (runways, taxiways, aprons, hangars), as well as airspace surrounding airport.
Landside:
portion of an airport that provides the facilities necessary for the processing of passengers, cargo, freight, and ground transportation vehicles.
Elements of airport runway design:
1) airplane design groups (aircraft wingspan/ approach speeds)
2) instrument or visual approach
3) terrain, prevailing winds, land cover, etc..
Apron:
A specified portion of the airfield used for passenger, cargo or freight loading and unloading, aircraft parking, and the refueling, maintenance and servicing of aircraft.
Enplanements:
An enplanement is a revenue passenger who boarded the aircraft at that airport.
Fixed-Base Operator (FBO):
A business located at an airport that provides services to pilots including aircraft rental, training, fueling, maintenance, parking, and the sale of pilot supplies.
General Aviation:
Encompasses all aspects of civil aviation except certified air carriers and other commercial operators such as airfreight carriers.
Runway Protection Zones (RPZ):
trapezoidal; focus to protect safety on the ground (heights/ land uses). FAA recommends airport owns the land (or obtain navigation (avigation) easements).
Avigation Easement:
A contractual right or a property interest in land over which a right of unobstructed flight in the airspace is established.
FAR - Federal Aviation Regulations (CFR Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space)
look up
FAR Part 77
Deals with navigable airspace, including obstruction evaluations, aeronautical studies
FAR Part 150
Airport Noise Compatibility Planning
FAR Part 139
Certification of Airports
FAA-Related Regulation & Guidance Documents
- Advisory Circular (ACs)
- AIP Program Guidance Letters (PGLs)
- FAA Orders
- Guidance, Manuals, etc…
Funds for FAA’s Airport Improvement Program (AIP)…
[3]
come from the Airport & Airway Trust Fund (AATF)[which is funded mainly from excise taxes paid by users of the NAS]
Funds for FAA’s Airport Improvement Program (AIP)… [3]
annual formula-based grants (entitlements) based on enplaned passengers/ cargo weights
Funds for FAA’s Airport Improvement Program (AIP)… [3]
discretionary grants to fund eligible CIPs (runway expansions)
Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs)
Funds NPAIS via
- local user fees authorized by Congress
- collected by airlines on behalf of airport operators
- limitations on what can be used for (airlines have a say)
Where does NPIAS get funding?
- State Grants (ex. DOTs)
- Passenger Facility Charges
- Funds for FAA’s Airport Improvement Program
- Airport Revenues (concessions, leases, etc..)
- General Airport Revenue Bonds
General Airport Revenue Bonds
- secured by airport’s future revenue, common on large airports.
- airline tenants often must approve them since debts can affect future airline rates
NIAPS Grant Assurances (Obligations)
Required when airport owners or sponsors, planning agencies, or other organizations accept funds from FAA-administered airport financial assistance programs
NIAPS Grant Assurances (Obligations)
Require recipients to maintain and operate their facilities safely and efficiently and in accordance with specified conditions.
NIAPS Grant Assurances (Obligations)
May be attached to the application or the grant for Federal assistance and become part of the final grant offer or in restrictive covenants to property deeds
NIAPS Grant Assurances (Obligations)
Duration of obligations depends on:
- the type of recipient,
- the useful life of the facility being developed,
- other conditions stipulated in the assurances.
State Block Grant Program
States that participate assume responsibility for administering Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants at airports classified as “other than primary” airports (nonprimary commercial service, reliever, and general aviation airports)
State Block Grant Program
• Each State is responsible for determining which locations will receive funds for ongoing project administration.
State Block Grant Program
• FAA began in 1989 with three States: Illinois, Missouri, and North Carolina.
AIR-21 authorized up to 10 States to participate (as of January 2015: Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin)
Airports classified as “other than primary” that are eligible for Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants
- nonprimary commercial service airports
- reliever airports
- general aviation airports
Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) Program
- allows the collection of fees up to $4.50 for every boarded passenger at commercial airports controlled by public agencies.
- Airports use these fees to fund FAA-approved projects that enhance safety, security, or capacity; reduce noise; or increase air carrier competition.
Master Plan
describes the short to long-term development plans to meet future demand, while considering potential environmental and socioeconomic
impacts.
Elements vary in complexity and level of detail
Pre-planning for Master Plan
includes an Initial Needs Determination, Request for Proposal and Consultant Selection, Development of Study Design, Negotiation of Consultant Contract, and Application for Study Funding.
Public Involvement for Master Plan Development
Includes a public involvement program and identifies and documents the key issues of various stakeholders.
Environmental Considerations for a Master Plan include
A clear understanding of the environmental requirements needed to move forward with each project in the recommended development program.
Master Planning Existing Conditions
An inventory of pertinent data (for use in subsequent plan elements)
Aviation Forecasts
Forecasts of aeronautical demand for short-, medium-, and long-term time frames
Facility Requirements for Master Airport Plan
existing & future
Assess the ability of the existing airport (airside and landside) to support the forecast demand.
Identify the demand levels that will trigger the need for additions or improvements and estimate the extent of new facilities that may be required to meet that demand.
Creation of Alternatives for Master Planning (process)
- Identify options to meet projected (facility) requirements and alternative configurations for each major component.
- Assess the expected performance of each alternative against a wide range of evaluation criteria, (including operational, environmental, and financial impacts)
- A recommended development alternative will emerge from this process.
- Alternatives should aid in developing the purpose and need for subsequent environmental documents.
Airport Layout Plan
- One of the key products of a master plan
- a set of drawings that provides a graphic representation of the long-term development plan for an airport (the primary drawing in this set is the Airport Layout Plan; other drawings may also be included, depending on the size and complexity of the individual airport)
Facilities Implementation Plan
– Provides a summary description of the recommended improvements and associated costs.
Facilities Implementation Plan
the schedule of improvements depends, in large part, on the levels of demand that trigger the need for expansion of existing facilities
Financial Feasibility Analysis (component of Mater Plan)
- Identify the financial plan
- describe how the sponsor will finance the projects recommended in the master plan
- demonstrate the financial feasibility of the program
Airport Layout Plan (ALP)
Typically refers to a single document or drawing covering the entire airport or a set of drawings that typically consists of:
a. Cover Sheet b. ALP Drawing c. Data Sheet d. Facilities Layout Plan e. Terminal Area Plan (as needed) f. Airport Airspace Drawing g. Inner Portion of the Approach Surface Drawing h. Airport Land Use Drawing i. Off-Airport Land Use Drawing (as needed) j. Airport Property Map / Exhibit A k. Runway Departure Surface Drawing l. Utility Drawing m. Airport Access Plans n. Other Plan
Airspace Protection Planning
Part 77 establishes:
• The requirements to provide notice to the FAA of certain proposed construction, or the alteration of existing structures;
• The standards used to determine obstructions to air navigation, and navigational and communication facilities;
• The process for aeronautical studies of obstructions to air navigation or navigational facilities to determine the effect on the safe and efficient use of navigable airspace, air navigation facilities or equipment; and
• The process to petition the FAA for discretionary review of determinations, revisions, and extensions of determinations
Obstruction Evaluation/ Airport Airspace Analysis (OE/AAA) Airports
Federal Regulation Title 14 Part 77 - standards and notification requirements for objects affecting navigable airspace;
serves as the basis for:
• Evaluating the effect of the construction or alteration on operating procedures
• Determining the potential hazardous effect of the proposed construction on air navigation
• Identifying mitigating measures to enhance safe air navigation
• Charting of new objects
Federal Regulation Title 14 Part 77 - standards and notification requirements for objects affecting navigable airspace
Notification allows the FAA to identify potential aeronautical hazards in advance to prevent or minimize the adverse impacts to the safe and efficient use of navigable airspace.
Capacity Analysis & Forecasting
encompasses capacity, master and regional planning, aviation forecasting, and airspace planning.
• Activities include providing planning guidance, producing the biennial National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems, developing capacity studies, collecting boarding and cargo data to determine airport categories, and supporting NexGen through the development of tools such as the eALP.
Airport Noise Regulations
A report that looks at how to use noise overlay districts to encourage land-use compatibility within an airport area.
Reviews the federal guidelines for establishing noise overlay zones, defines terms used in discussions of airport-related noise problems, and presents models of a zoning ordinance, a subdivision ordinance, a building code, and an easement contract.
Airport Planning reference
APA’s Planning & Urban Design Stndards (2006)
Part III (Structures)/ Transportation (pp. 287 - 299)
• Airport & Land Use Interface
• Airside
• Landside
PAS 562 (2010): Airport & LU Compatibility
- airport planners and community planners must work together as partners … to weave a community’s vision, strategies, and values with those embedded in airport planning.
- must understand and consider the needs and concerns of the communities that surround, abut, and make use of the airport.
Other APA Airport Planning Resources
https://sites.google.com/site/aicpmay2015/airport-planning
