Airport Operations huhuhu Flashcards
Define Airport-Airline Relationship
agreements, arrangements, and interaction between the airline and the airport
What is an airport in the airport-airline relationship?
rely on airlines to use their facilities
What is an airline in the airport-airline relationship?
rely on airports to provide safe and secure facilities at the required time, at the right price
What is the primary goal of both airport and airline?
enhance customer satisfaction and passenger experience
The nature of the airport-airline relationship differs according to?
Geographic
Political
Commercial
What are the factors that affect the nature of the relationship between airlines and airports?
privatization and commercialization
strength of airports and airlines
regulation, demand, forecasts
emergence of new airline business models
What is the main source of revenue of airports in the traditional approach of airport-airline relationships?
Aeronautical chares such as landing fees and passenger handling services
What is emphasized in the current approach to airport-airline relationships?
Non-aeronautical revenues
terminals built, financed, leased, and/or operated by airlines
Airline Unit Terminals
This is the key driver in changing the airport-airline relationship
Commercialization
In managing relationships, how do airports assess views on airlines?
As:
Resource
Opportunity
Consumer
Service Provider
Problem
Cite some effective methods airports can manage the airport-airline relationship
understanding the market
Flexible in meeting needs
work with airlines
transparent in business arrangements
equal treatment
keep airlines informed
invest in facilities and infrastructure according to growth
respond to changing conditions
maintain and grow opportunities
work with externalities
Problems of airport in managing airport-airline relationship
sunk cost
tension between new and existing airlines
meeting new needs
airport competition
economic conditions
government policies
How can airlines and airports lower costs in using facilities?
Use:
common-use terminal equipment
common-use self-service check in kiosk
Why do airport-airline relationships break down?
change in strategy
change in ownership
external factors
This largely determine the physical and operational costs of airports
Peaks/Peak Flows
Staffing and facilities are keyed closely to _______
Hourly requirements
This variation in demand levels with time is extremely important for the planning and provision of facilities
Annual Variation over time
What is an airport’s major consideration in peaks aside from resources?
the flow of passengers/passenger flow
Describe the characteristics of passengers in terms of relevance to peaks
Passengers are not homogeneous. Their traffic is built up from Individual Journey demands. They travel under different conditions, needs, demands.
What is the perspective of airports in handling peaks?
spread demand evenly to reduce implications of peaks
What is the perspective of airlines in handling peaks?
maximize fleet utilization and improve load factors using attractive time slots
Methods of describing peaks tas i define
ikaw na bahala define.
Standard Busy Rate
Busy-Hour Rate
Typical Peak-Hour Passenger
Busiest Timetable Hour
Peak Profile Hour
Other Methods
Factors affecting Peaking
Domestic/International Ration
Charter and LCC Ratio
Long-haul/shorthaul
Geographic Location
Nature of Catchment Area
Differentiate charters and LCC in terms of scheduling
charters - do not operate during peak hours
LCC - schedule on hours not attractive to full fare passengers
differentiate long and short haul in terms of scheduling
SH - maximize the usefulness of day (7-9am & 430-630pm)
LH - focus on convenient arrival time
How are utilization and load factors relevant to scheduling?
high utilization is desirable but it must come with high load factor to make breakeven in costs
How is reliability relevant to scheduling?
Utilization constraints punctuality so airline consider if utilization won’t affect their on-time performance
How are terminal constraints relevant to scheduling?
Some airports limit passenger movements on peak periods to minimize congestion so ayun. kapoy explain
How is crew availability relevant to scheduling?
crew have minimum rest periods so fresh crews must be available for the next flight to replace those who needs to rest
Enumerate and define Boeing’s maintenance steering Group 3 checks for aircrafts
A Check - Light M, Night, 500-800hrs, Apron
B Check - Light M, 3 to 5 months, Night, Apron
C Check - Heavy M, 15-21 months, Hangar
D Check - Heavy Maintenance Visit, 4-6yrs
Is imposing tariffs on peak hours effective in spreading demand?
Yes. Chariz
Noooo. Kase airlines would rather accept tariffs just to exploit the massive passenger volume during peak flow to improve load factors tapos earn wawarts. Alam mo na
Katulog na oy
hehehehe
What do you call the general policy IATA released for scheduling?
Worldwide Scheduling Guidelines
What do airports consider in their viewpoint of scheduling?
Air Travelers and their wants of uncongested conditions
Airlines who demand frequency and reliability
Nontravelers who set limits for environmental concerns
Describe the peaks of HUBS
High opkors
What is the ultimate linkage between airport and aircraft performance?
economic nature - public transport safety norms
DIfferentiate methodologies of airport and aircraft crews in their operations (Chap 4)
airport - publish distances through Obstacle-limitation-surface
Aircraft crew - rely on spatial information
Describe an aircraft
heavier-than-air-machine dependent on the movement of air, by its engines/airframe shape/wings to sustain normal flight
What is the main consideration for the use of aircraft?
carriage of payload over declared range
Enumerate payload
passengers
baggage
cargo or freight
consumables
cabin configuration + nominal crew mass without fuel and payload weight
Operational Empty Weight
adds/subtracts cabin variations and allowances for consumables
Aircraft-prepared-for-service mass
determined by loading criteria such as floor strength and max allowable payload
Maximum Structural Payload limit
affects CG of aircrafts
Maximum Structural Payload limit
airport’s runway becomes the limiting attribute to aircraft performance.
Restricted takeoff weight
what is the airport’s concern with aircraft performance?
how its runway conditions affect the payload-range relationship of aircrafts
Differentiate Gross Performance and Net Performance
Gross performance is an aircraft’s performance tested in ideal conditions
Net performance factors in real world situations in addition to gross performace by considering pilot skill, engine wear, and weight changes
net performance assessed distance the aircraft needs to travel when in ground
takeoff run required
net performance measurement to reach screen height, distance measured from when takeoff run starts
takeoff distance required
distance required to accelerate to V1 and abort takeoff without the use of reverse thrust
accelerate-stop distance required
measured from the threshold on the runway in use and distance to the touchdown point and landing run
landing distance required
Aircraft Performance Requirements
takeoff run required
takeoff distance required
accelerate-stop distance required
landing distance required
How does aircraft design affect landing performance?
variation in factors such as mass and break system; affecting landing distance required for runways
provides areas beyond the runway to accommodate undershoot and overshoot. This is also one way of maintaining safety
Runway Safety Areas
This refers to the pilot’s angle-of-view cutoff and their intrinsic visual reference needs
Runway visual range
What are the considerations of airports to declare runways as suitable for automatic landing?
obstacle clearance
glide path guides
terrain on approach
runway measurements
integrity of instrument landing system
integrity of visual aids
level of ATC equipemnts and Meteorological monitoring
Involve maintaining near-idle-thrust descent to minimize maneuvering time at low altitudes
Continuous Descent Approach
Enumerate Inclement Weather
Sluch, Ice, Snow, Standing water, Wind shear, aquaplaning
occurs when standing water reduces tire friction, leading to potential loss of control
aquaplaning
poses hazard by rapid changes in wind direction and airspeed
wind shear
How does inclement weather affect aircraft performance?
has additional impacts on breaking and acceleration, increasing the emergency distance required for runways
Unsay implication sa A380 sa airports?
poses challenges for airport infrastructures such as aprons, taxiways, and runways to accommodate its size and dimensions.
