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PPL - AGK > Airframe > Flashcards

Airframe Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Direct Flight Controls?

A

Pilot controls directly

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2
Q

What is the definition of Power Assisted flight controls?

A

Includes hydraulic control assistance

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3
Q

What is the definition of Fly-by-Wire?

A

Pilot input interpreted by computer
Checked against flight envelope

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4
Q

What 3 devices are considered Primary Controls?

A
  1. Elevator
  2. Aileron
  3. Rudder
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5
Q

What 3 devices are considered Secondary Controls?

A
  1. Flaps
  2. Leading edge devices
  3. Trim Tabs
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6
Q

Name the 5 types of airframe stresses?

A
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
  3. Torsion
  4. Shear
  5. Bending
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7
Q

What is meant by Fail Safe?

A

Where a structure is designed with multiple parallel load paths and redundant components

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8
Q

What is meant by Safe Life?

A

Where the structure is designed for a given set number of hours or cycles before replacement is required

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9
Q

What is meant by Damage Tolerant?

A

If there is no specified life, but frequent inspections are required.

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10
Q

What is Monocoque construction?

A

Name given to airframe construction with no internal bracing members, only formers and skin

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11
Q

What is Semi-Monocoque construction?

A

Name given to airframe construction which uses stringers as well as formers and skin

REMEMBER: STRINGER = Semi

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12
Q

What is a firewall?

A

the name is given to the airframe element that separates the engine compartment from the people compartment

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13
Q

What are the 7 main components of wing construction?

A
  1. Spar
  2. Ribs
  3. Stringers
  4. Skin
  5. Aileron
  6. Flaps
  7. Leading Edge
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14
Q

What are the 4 main components of the tail construction?

A
  1. Vertical Stabiliser (Fin)
  2. Rudder
  3. Horizontal Stabiliser
  4. Elevator
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of conventional trim methods used?

F S S

A
  1. Fixed Trim
  2. Simple Trim
  3. Spring Loaded Trim
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16
Q

Demonstrate the stress type TENSION

A

Pulling on both ends

REVIEW HERE

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17
Q

Demonstrate the stress type COMPRESSION

A

Pushing on both ends

REVIEW HERE

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18
Q

Demonstrate the stress type TORSION

A

Twisting in opposite directions on both ends

REVIEW HERE

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19
Q

Demonstrate the stress type SHEAR

A

Rivets holding 2 plates together, being pulled apart

REVIEW HERE

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20
Q

Demonstrate the stress type BENDING

A

Bending around the middle from both ends
Tension on the OUTSIDE
Compression on the INSIDE

REVIEW HERE

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21
Q

What are the 3 measurements of strain

A
  1. Elastic Limit
  2. Yield Point
  3. Ultimate load

Elastic Limit
Limit of distortion at which structure returns to its original shape and dimensions
Yield Point
Point at which deformaton becomes permanent
Ultimate Load
Load at which failure of structure occurs

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22
Q

Fatigue life can be given in 2 measures, which are

A
  1. Hours
  2. Flight Cycles
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23
Q

On the ground, the main wing spar bends which way

A

DOWNWARDS
Supports weight of the wings

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24
Q

In the air, the main wing spar bends which way

A

UPWARDS
Supports the weight of the aircraft

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25
Q

What kind of body construction uses only formers and skin

A

MONOCOQUE

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26
Q

What kind of body construction uses stringers as well as formers and skin

A

SEMI MONOCOQUE

REMEMBER: Semi = Stringer

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27
Q

A conventional tailplane is made up of which 2 parts

A
  1. Stabiliser
  2. Elevator
28
Q

An all flying tailplane is known as what

A

STABILATOR

29
Q

What is one of the most significant purposes of every aircraft having a trim tab

A benefit to the pilot

A

RELIEVE PRESSURE

Relieve pilot having to hold controls

30
Q

On more complex aircraft, why is the wind shield heated

A

WITHSTAND IMPACTS

Birdstrikes

31
Q

What is the primary purpose of the “power plant”

A

POWER FOR THRUST

32
Q

What are the 3 secondary purposes of the “power plant”

A
  1. Electrical charging
  2. Suction
  3. Heat for crew
33
Q

What are 2 purposes of the engine cowling

A
  1. Encloses the engine
  2. Forces air around the cylinders
34
Q

What are the 3 types of common fuel tanks

A
  1. Integral
  2. Bladder
  3. Wet Wing
35
Q

What type of fuel tank is defined below

SEPARATE COMPARTMENT

A

INTEGRAL FUEL TANK

Tank secure to the airframe

36
Q

What type of fuel tank is defined below

RUBBER or PLASTIC FLEXIBLE TANK

A

BLADDER FUEL TANK

37
Q

What type of fuel tank is defined below

WING STRUCTURE MADE FUEL TIGHT

A

WET WING TANK

38
Q

Typically, on a CESSNA how is fuel supplied to the engine

A

GRAVITY FED

39
Q

Typically, on a PA28, how is fuel supplied to the engine

A

FUEL PUMP

40
Q

The name of the device fitted within fuel tanks to prevent fuel moving about freely

A

BAFFLES

41
Q

What is the purpose of a baffle in the fuel tank

A

Prevent “sloshing” around / free momentum of fuel

42
Q

What are the 2 types of undercarriage

A
  1. FIXED
  2. RETRACTABLE
43
Q

What are the 2 undercarriage configurations

A
  1. Tricycle
  2. Tail Wheel
44
Q

What type of gas is typically use within an Oleo undercarriage

A

NITROGEN

45
Q

What is the purpose of the Nitrogen and oil within an Oleo undercarriage

A

SHOCK ABSORBERS

46
Q

What is the purpose of the torque link

A

Keeps wheel pointing in the correct direction

47
Q

What are the 4 methods of Nose wheel steering linkage

A
  1. Rods
  2. Interlocking
  3. Permanent
  4. Springs

Nose Wheel RIPS

48
Q

What is a shimmy damper

A

Shock absorber helping counteract nose wheel shimmy

49
Q

What is the main cause of nose wheel shimmy

A

TORQUE LINK FAILURE

50
Q

What are 4 factors that can cause nose wheel shimmy besides torque link failure

A
  1. Wear
  2. Bearings
  3. Damper Fluid
  4. Pressure

Wear Bear Fluid Pressure

  1. Tyre pressure
  2. Tyre wear
  3. Shimmy damper fluid low
  4. Worn Bearings
51
Q

What are 3 tactics used to alleviate or stop shimmy

A
  1. Decrease nose wheel load (full up elevator)
  2. Ease off braking
  3. Full down elevator
52
Q

What are 4 unacceptable conditions of a tyre when performing inspections

A
  1. Bare Cord
  2. Tyre Wall Damage
  3. Flat Spots
  4. Creep marks unaligned

The Creepy Bear lays Flat on the Wall

Worn tyres should not be used

53
Q

If tyre pressure is too high, where will the tyre wear first

A

CENTRE

54
Q

If tyre pressure is too low, where will the tyre wear first

A

SHOULDERS

55
Q

Aquaplaning speeds will be HIGHER or LOWER in the following situations;
1. LOW tyre pressure
2. HIGH tyre pressure

A
  1. LOWER aquaplaning speed
  2. HIGHER aquaplaning speed
56
Q

What is the scientific definition of the theory behind braking

A

Kinetic energy (movement) converted into heat energy

57
Q

2 types of brakes

A
  1. Drum
  2. Disc
58
Q

How does a drum brake work

A

Piston pushes against drum inner surface
This presses to rotating wheel to slow it down

59
Q

How does a disc brake work

A

Rotating disc is “gripped” between 2 friction pads

60
Q

When a brake is operated, what are the 3 methods of the braking action being transferred to the brake disc or drum?

A
  1. Hydraulic
  2. Compressed air
  3. Cable/Rod
61
Q

What are the 2 locking mechanism methods for parking brakes

A
  1. Hydraulic
  2. Mechanical
62
Q

What is a risk to an aircraft tyre covered with a spat

Spat is an aerodynamic wheel cowling

A

MUD AND GRASS
collects easily inside of the spat

63
Q

What is the name given to a fillet on the fuselage that helps assisting with spin recovery

A

STRAKE

64
Q

Name of device used to dissipate static electricity

A

STATIC WICK

65
Q

Where are static wicks typicall located

A

TRAILING EDGE OF CONTROL SURFACES

66
Q

A method of ensuring the whole aircraft is seen as a single item to help prevent static arching and charge build up

A

ELECTRICAL BONDING

PPL - AGK (20 decks)

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