Aircrew Coordination Flashcards
the cooperative interaction among crewmembers necessaryfor safe, efficient, and effective performance of flight tasks
aircrew coordination definition
a set of principles, attiudes, procedures, and techniques that transforms individuals into an effective crew
aircrew coordination description
Aircrew training must emphasize _________ as a vital part of the overall training program.
crew coordination
enhances the vital communication between all crewmembers and sreamlines the sequence adn timing in which procedures and maneuvers required for aircraft control and successful mission accomplishment are executed
aircrew coordination purpose
Other names for aircrew coordination:
-cockpit resource management
-integrated resource management
-crew coordination
ACT
aircrew coordination course
Six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination:
1-failure of the pilot on the controls to properly direct assistance from other crewmembers
2-failure of a crewmember to announce a decision or action that affected the ability of other crewmembers to properly perform their duries
3-failure of a cremember to communicate positively (verbally and non-verbally)
4-failure of the pilot-in-command to assign crew responsibilities properly before and during the mission
5-failure of the pilot not on the controls or other crewmembers to offer assistance or information that was needed or had been requested previously by the P*
6-failure of the P* to execute flight actions in the proper sequence with the actions of the other crewmembers.
Changes made by the identification of hte six aircrew coordination errors/failures:
- Aircrew coordination incorporated into every ATM task
- Development of the annual aircrew coordination sustainment training
Patterns begin with the accomplishment of _____, _____, and _______.
-crew-level pre-mission planning
-rehearsal
-AARs
___________includes all preparatory tasks associated with accomplishing the mission
Pre-mission planning
___________ includes assigning crewmember responsibilities and conducting all required briefings and brief-backs
pre-mission planning
____________ involves the crew collectively visualizing and discussing expected and potential unexpected events for the entire mission
pre-mission rehearsal
Through pre-mission rehearsal, all crewmembers discuss, think through:
1-contingencies and actions for difficult segments
2-equipment limitations and failures
3-unusual events associated with the mission
4-developing strategies to cope with possible contingencies (METT-TC)
Each crewmember must actively participate in the mission planning process to ensure a common understanding of __________ and _____________.
mission intent
operational sequence
Crewmembers must then mentally rehearse the entire msision by:
1-visualizing and discussing potential problems
2-contingencies
3-assigned responsibilities
The ___ ensures that crewmembers take advantage of periods of low workload to review or rehearse upocoming flight segments
PC
Crewmembers should continuously review remaining ___________ to identify required adjustments, making certain their planning is consistently ahead of ___________________.
flight segments
critical lead times
After a mission or mission segment, the crew should debrief, review, and critique ____________, their _________, and _____________.
Major decisions
actions
task performance
-Communicate positively
-Be explicit
-Announce actions
-Acknowledge actions
-Direct assistance
-Offer assistance
-Coordinate action sequence and timing
-Provide aircraft control and obstacle advisories
Elements
-Establish and maintain team relationships
-plan mission and rehearse
-establish and maintain workloads
-exchange mission information
-cross-monitor performance
Objectives
Establish a positive working relationship that allows the crew to communicate openly and freely and to operate in a __________ manner.
concerted
Command authority is established by ____________ and is not _____________________
regulation
questioned
Rank:
1._____
2._____
commissioned or warrant officer
enlisted crewmember
Duty Position
1. ___
2. ___
- platoon leader
- aviator
Cockpit
1.
2.
3.
4.
- standardization pilot (SP)
- instructor pilot (IP)
- pilot in command (PC)
- pilot (PI)
any crewmember with the appropriate technical knowledge, skills, and information at a given time
Leadership from any crewmember
______ must be briefed and adhered to for mission success.
two-challenge rule
Critical Phases of Team Building
1- Unit orientations and battle-rostering
2- Pre-mission planning and rehearsal
3-Task execution
4-Crew-level after action review (AAR)
5-Remain overnight (RON) and temporary duty (TDY)
a-duties and responsibilities specified
b-unit procedures: elaborating, affirming, or attacking
Which Critical Phase?
Pre-mission planning and rehearsal
a- unit organization, unit climate, previously formed teams, interpersonal relationships, and command relationships
b-basic flying tasks and cockpit technology. (all crewmembers rated and current)
c-roles of the crewmembers and general characteristics of incumbents (PC responsibilities, crew chief duties)
d-basic norms of conduct regulating cremember behavior (PC in charge, P and CE support; commander respected)
Which Critical Phase
Unit orientation and battle-rostering
a-high workload periods
b-low workload periods
Which Critical Phase
Task execution
a-self-critique
b-lessons learned
c-value derived by those with a stake in the mission (short-term, long-term, performance enhancement)
d-value derived by crew in terms of efficiency
e-value derived by individual in terms of professional growth and self-satisfaction
Which Critical Phase
Crew-level after action review (AAR)
a-fine tune the team
b-destroy the team
Which Critical Phase
Remain overnight (RON) and temporary duty (TDY)
- When should a crewmember offer assistance?
- When the P* demonstrates difficulty in A/C control or deviates from normal or expected actions; Anytime information or assistance is requested; Anytime a crewmember sees or recognizes anything that poses a hazard to flight.
- Which decision-making style is more thorough and takes more data into account?
- Analytical
- What are three techniques to break the error chain?
- Two-challenge rule; Positive team building; detailed pre-mission planning and rehearsal.
- Nobody flying the aircraft, nobody looking out the window, and departure from SOP are types of links in the__________.
- Error/poor judgment chain.
- What are two types of incapacitation?
- Subtle and gross
- What are three types of unexpected events?
- Malfunction; Sudden loss of visual reference near the ground; Inadvertent IMC; Unusual environmental conditions; near mid-air collisions; Short notice in-flight mission changes; Encounters with threat.
- How do you deal with distractions pertaining to aircrew coordination?
- Handle; Delegate; Ignore; Delay.
- To assist in reducing information overload, you must use________ _________.
- Standard terminology
- What is assertion?
- To state a position with some force or conviction; the forceful, non-threatening statement of a belief, feeling, position, or ideas concerning a situation with which one is uncomfortable.
- What is advocacy?
- Stronger than a recommendation, this is a positive declaration in favor of a set of possibilities; it is the obligation to speak out in support of a course of action different than being planned or followed. Also involves listening to other viewpoints that may be contradictory in nature.
- Define “Cross-monitor performance”.
- Cross-monitor each other’s actions and decisions to reduce the likelihood of errors impacting mission performance and safety.
- What are the hazardous attitudes that my impede the decision-making process?
- Anti-authority; Impulsiveness; Invulnerability; Macho; Resignation; “Get there-itis; Over confidence.
- What are the two decision-making styles that the Army recognizes in the decision-making process?
- Analytical and automatic.
- ________ is the act of rendering a solution to a prolem and defining an action plan?
- Decision-making
- What are two of the team management problems associated with aircrew coordination?
- Lack of support; SOP ignored; Stress problems; Emotional problems; Judgment problems; Get Home-‘itis’; Management problems; Communication problems; Leadership problems; Discipline problems.
- What are three effects of low workload?
- Awareness low; inattention; drowsiness/boredom; complacency
- How do you manage high workload?
- Be aware; delegate; prioritize tasks; expand time available.
- Name four effects of high workload.
- Difficulties in achieving good performance; Difficulty with A/C control; Uncertainty/Indecision/Discomfort; lose normal scan; temporal distortion; difficulty communicating.
- Name four causes of high workload.
- Poor planning; unexpected events; weather and the environment; ATC; cockpit design; mission complexity; crew endurance.
- What are the three classifications of tasks?
- Critical tasks; important tasks; routine tasks.
- When crewmembers disagree on a course of action, what must the crew do?
- When crewmembers disagree on a course of action, the crew must be effective in resolving the disagreement.
- Who sets the tone of the crew and maintains the working environment?
- The PC sets the tone of the crew and maintains the working environment.
- Name some situational awareness influences?
- Experience and Training; Physical flying skills; Spatial orientation; Physical and emotional health; Attitude.
- Define “Establish and maintain workloads”.
- Manage and execute the mission workload in an effective and efficient manner with the redistribution of task responsibilities as the mission situation changes.
- Define “Plan mission and rehearse”.
- To explore, in concert, all aspects of the assigned mission and analyze each segment for potential difficulties and possible reactions in terms of commander’s intent.
- What are the three phases of aircrew communication and what is critical during these phases?
- Pre-mission planning phase; in-flight phase; post-mission phase. Inquiry, questioning, advocacy, assertion
- What things should you do to have effective listening?
- Attend to the sender; ask questions if unsure of message; restate message if necessary; acknowledge verbally or by actions.
- What are threee of the barriers to communication in aircrew coordination?
- Noise; word usage; physical; mental; interpersonal; stress; fatigue; emotion.
- When is communication in aircrew coordination, considered ineffective?
- Crewmembers are unable to balance task and personnel considerations. Crewmembers’ feelings vary (i.e., frustration, passivity, etc.).
Sole planner and decision-maker is the PC who provides only cursory briefing to the crew. Crewmembers are left wondering about their actions, duties, and responsibilities.
Cockpit climate is business-like causing confusion during high workload periods, because only the PC understands the mission objectives.
- How many basic qualities are associated with aircrew coordination?
- Thirteen.
- When is communication, as discussed in aircrew coordination, considered effective?
- Composed of assertive crewmembers who consistently engage in situational leadership. Each crew member is a member of a productive team and willing to help each other. Entire crew participates as a team in the planning and execution of the mission.
- Crewmembers value each other for their _________ and _________.
- Expertise and judgment.
- Disagreement and Differences _________ if not handled properly.
- Can become ‘bad.’
- Define “Establish and maintain team relationships”.
- Establish a positive working relationship that allows the crew to communicate openly and freely and to operate in a concerted manner.
- What were the two changes made by identification of aircrew coordination errors/failures?
- Incorporation of aircrew coordination into every ATM task; Development of the aircrew coordination annual sustainment course.
- What is the purpose of aircrew coordination?
- Enhance vital communication between all crewmembers. Streamline the sequence and timing in which procedures and maneuvers for aircraft control and mission accomplishment are executed.
- How were the six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination identified?
- Based on accident investigations, the Combat Readiness Center (CRC) identified six errors/failures associated with aircrew coordination.
- What are other names that have been used for aircrew coordination?
Cockpit resource management, integrated resource management, crew coordination.
- What is the desription of aircrew coordination?
Aircrew coordination is a set of principle, attitudes, procedures, and techniques that transforms individuals into an effective crew. Aircrew coordination training is a vital part of the overall unit training program?
- What is the definition of aircrew coordination?
Aircrew coordination is the cooperative interaction between crewmembers necessary for safe, efficient, and effective performance of flight tasks.
