aircraft system M2 Flashcards
are those required to operate an aircraft efficiently and safely
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM
is a complex system. In the design stage and in the operating process to
ensure the continued airworthiness of the aircraft. It is broken down into
simpler sub systems that carry out homogeneous functions
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM
It produces thrust to propel an aircraft.
aircraft engine, or powerplant,
It works in combination with a
propeller to produce thrust
Reciprocating engines and turboprop engines
This engines produce thrust by
increasing the velocity of air flowing through the engine
Turbojet and turbofan engines
BASIC AIRCRAFT SYSTEM/ All of these
powerplants also drive the various systems that support the operation of an
aircraft.
- Aircraft Engines
- Engine Fuel and Fuel Metering Systems
- Induction and Exhaust Systems
- Electrical Systems
- Engine Starting Systems
- Lubrication Systems
- Engine Cooling Systems
- Propeller
- Engine Fire Protection Systems
The basic information on principles, fundamentals, and technical procedures
in the subject matter areas relating to the airframe rating and contains
information on airframe construction features, assembly and rigging, fabric
covering, structural repairs, and aircraft welding
AIRFRAME
Most small aircraft are designed with ________.
reciprocating engines
The name is derived from the back-and-forth, or reciprocating, movement of the pistons
that produces the mechanical energy necessary to accomplish work.
RECIPROCATING ENGINE
The name is derived from the back-and-forth, or reciprocating, movement of the pistons
that produces the mechanical energy necessary to accomplish work.
RECIPROCATING ENGINE
An aircraft turbine engine consists of ….
an air inlet, compressor, combustion
chambers, a turbine section, and exhaust.
It is produced by increasing
the velocity of the air flowing through the engine.
THRUST
are highly
desirable aircraft powerplants.
Turbine engines
Fuel for turbine engines
JET A
Fuel for reciprocating engine
AVGAS- AVIATION GAS
It supplies fuel to the engine’s fuel metering device under
all conditions of ground and air operation.
ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM
The engine fuel system usually includes…
the engine-driven pumps and the fuel
metering system
the four types of fuel
AVGAS 80 – Red
• AVGAS 100 – Green
• AVGAS 100LL – Blue
• JET A - Colorless
Type of fuel that is colorless
JET A
What is the color of AVGAS 60?
red
What is the color of AVGAS800
green
It brings in air from the outside, mixes it with fuel, and
delivers the fuel-air mixture to the cylinder where combustion occurs
induction system
A blue fuel
AVGAS 100LL
Outside air enters the induction system through an …
intake port on the front
of the engine cowling
Most aircraft require some form of ______
power to operate navigation, lights, transponder,
and electronic systems.
electrical
Consists of a battery and alternator
electrical systems
It converts mechanical energy to electrical energy or its an electrical generator
alternator
electrical systems’ primary supply
alternator
It’s a secondary Supply
and consist of electrochemical cells
aircraft battery
two types of battery
Nickel Cadmium
Lead Acid Battery
It engages the aircraft flywheel, rotating the engine at a speed that allows
the engine to start and maintain operation
starter
is an electromechanical mechanism capable of developing large amounts of
mechanical energy that can be applied to an engine, causing it to rotate.
- Either electric/pneumatic/hydraulic
starter
understand engine cooling systems
The burning fuel within the engine produces intense heat, most of which is
expelled through the exhaust system. Much of the remaining heat, however,
must be removed, or at least dissipated, to prevent the engine from
overheating.
• While the oil system is vital to the internal cooling of the engine, an
additional method of cooling is necessary for the engine’s external surface.
Most small aircraft are air cooled, although some are liquid cooled.
It is a rotating airfoil, subject to induced drag, stalls, and other
aerodynamic principles that apply to any airfoil
propeller
It consists of two or more blades connected together by a
a central hub that attaches the blades to the engine shaft.
propeller
types of propeller
- Fixed Pitch Propeller
- Controllable Pitch Propeller
Because fire is one of the most dangerous threats to an aircraft, the potential
fire zones of all multiengine aircraft currently produced and are protected by a…
fixed fire protection system.
A complete fire protection system includes both a…
fire detection and a fire
extinguishing system
The earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of?
wood
The earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of?
wood
The main structural member in a wing is called
wing spar
Structural
members of an aircraft’s fuselage include..
stringers, longerons, ribs, bulkheads,
and more
Many newly certified aircraft are
built from molded composite materials such as
carbon fiber
• Consist of instrument panel. (Stationary Panel & Shock Mounted Panel)
aircraft instrument systems
OVERVIEW OF PILOT INSTRUMENTS
- AIRSPEED INDICATOR
- ATTITUDE INDICATOR
- ALTIMETER
- TURN COORDINATOR
- HEADING INDICATOR
- VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
Pitot-Static Instruments
Airspeed Indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator
(Measures the altitude of the aircraft)
altimeter
(Measures the rate of climb or descend of the aircraft)
vertical speed indicator
(Measures the speed of the aircraft)
airspeed indicator
Small hole on the side of the aircraft; pressure move freely in and out of the instrument.
static port
- Powered by the electrical system. Measured the total combined pressure when the aircraft moves
through the air.
PITOT TUBE
BASIC SIX
Pitot-static instruments Static port Pitot tube Vacuum system Electrically Driven Instrument Gyroscopic Instruments
Vacuum System
heading indicator. attitude indicator
(Inform the pilot of the aircraft’s heading)
Heading Indicator
(Measures the actual position of the aircraft)
attitude indicator
Electrically Driven Instrument
Turn Coordinator
(Measures the actual position of the aircraft)
turn coordinator
Gyroscopic Instruments
Heading Indicator/Attitude Indicator/Turn Coordinator
Hydraulic System
the heart and arteries of an aircraft
used on aircraft to move and actuate landing gear, flaps, and brakes.
hydraulic system
operate a great deal like hydraulic systems, except they
employ air instead of a liquid for transmitting power
pneumatic system
also known as vacuum or pressure systems, they power many functions which
are important to the aircraft
pneumatic system
Power instrument landing gear, flaps, windows,
air conditioning, doors, and auto pilot devices are some of many operations
powered by__________..
pneumatic system.
Both systems are similar units and use confined
fluids.
pneumatic and hydraulic systems
supports the entire weight of an aircraft during landing and
ground operations. They are attached to primary structural members of the aircraft.
landing gear
Landing Gear Arrangement
Conventional landing gear and Tricycle type landing gear
(The main gear is located forward of the center of
gravity, causing the tail to require support from a third wheel assembly.)
conventional landing gear
(The most commonly used landing gear arrangement is
the tricycle-type landing gear. It is comprised of main gear and nose gear.)
Tricycle type landing gear
2 types of fuel system classification:
gravity feed system and fuel pump system
(Force of Gravity)
gravity feed system
(Main pump and auxiliary pump)
fuel pump system
refers to ice accretion on surfaces of an aircraft flying in icing
conditions)
aircraft icing
Crew and passengers use oxygen systems, in conjunction with pressurization
systems, to prevent hypoxia
Cabin Environmental Control Systems
• A ____ is an area, or region, of an aircraft designed by the manufacturer
to require fire detection and/or fire extinguishing equipment and a high
degree of inherent fire resistance
fire zone
A complete fire protection system on modern aircraft, and on many older
aircraft, includes _____,
fire detection system and a fire extinguishing system.
Typical zones on aircraft that have a fixed fire
detection and/or fire extinguisher system are:
- Engines and auxiliary power unit (APU)
- Cargo and baggage compartments
- Lavatories on transport aircraft
- Electronic bays
- Wheel wells
- Bleed air ducts
Classes of Fires
class A,B,C,D
—fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper,
rubber, and plastics.
CLASS A
—fires involving flammable liquids, petroleum oils, greases, tars, oil-based
paints, lacquers, solvents, alcohols, and flammable gases.
CLASS B
—fires involving energized electrical equipment in which the use of an
extinguishing media that is electrically nonconductive is important.
CLASS C
—fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium, lithium, and potassium.
CLASS D
