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AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES AND DESIGN > AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES/ Design DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES/ Design DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

removable panel for inspection or
maintenance

A

Access panel

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2
Q

near of in the direction of the rear of the
aircraft

A

Aft

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3
Q

the study of how the moving body (aircraft)
interacts with air flowing around it, flies

A

Aerodynamics

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4
Q

the point of application for additional
aerodynamic loads

A

Aerodynamic centre

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5
Q

the study how to f ind measures against flutter
(undamped vibration in the structure due to
aerodynamic loads

A

Aeroelasticity

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6
Q

wing-section

A

Airfoil

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7
Q

extra injection of fuel in extra combustion
chamber between the turbine and the nozzle of
the engine; creates a higher thrust

A

Afterburner

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8
Q

strengthening at room temperature of a
quenched metal alloy by very small and
uniformly dispersed particles that precipitate
from supersaturated solution

A

Age hardening, ageing

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9
Q

decrease of mechanical properties of polymer
matrix composites or adhesives by exposure to
a wet environment

A

Ageing

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10
Q

control surface for aircraft rolling

A

Aileron

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11
Q

main components which carry all the loads

A

Airframe

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12
Q

passage in passenger cabin between rows of
chairs

A

Aisle

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13
Q

maximum stress level allowed in a structure
(so that it does not deform plastically or break)

A

Allowable stress

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14
Q

the combination of several metal components

A

Alloy

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14
Q

the angle between the chord line of a wing or
other aerodynamic surface and the oncoming
air

A

Angle of attack

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15
Q

Anhedral (negative Dihedral)

A

a wing in a reverse v-form

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16
Q

the ratio of wing span to average chord, an
indication of the slenderness of a wing

A

Aspect ratio

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17
Q

system to generate electric power when the
engines are not running

A

Auxiliary power unit

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18
Q

an extra beam in the root in the wing for
extra strength

A

Auxiliary spar

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19
Q

a structural member loaded at an angle (often
at a right angle) to its length

A

Beam

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20
Q

used for bolted or riveted joints – load/bolt
diameter times material thickness

A

Bearing stress

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21
Q

the product of a force and its moment arm

A

Bending moment

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22
Q

aircraft with an upper and lower wing on top
of each other

A

Biplane

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23
Q

an impact of a bird on the structure

A

Bird strike

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24
Q

one half of a propellor

A

Blade

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25
Q

joining member consisting of head and stem
using a nut to tighten it

A

Bolt

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26
Q

method of joining using adhesive material
(polymeric material with suff icient strength to
transfer load)

A

Bonding or adhesive bonding

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27
Q

strengthening wire to support a structure,
generally loaded in tension

A

Brace

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28
Q

small f itting or support to attach system parts

A

Bracket

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29
Q

system attached to the wheels to slow down
or stop the airplane when on the ground

A

Brake

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30
Q

out of plane bending, followed by crushing of
material under compressive loads

A

Buckling

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31
Q

a panel separating areas in the structure

A

Bulkhead

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32
Q

the curved line precisely between the upper
and lower skin of an airfoil

A

Camber

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33
Q

an arrangement of foreplanes and win, rather
than the conventional wing and horizontal
tailplane

A

Canard

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34
Q

a beam supported only at the end (wing root)

A

Cantilever (full cantilever)

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35
Q

point of balance of the mass of the aircraft
(component)

A

Centre of gravity

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36
Q

the centroid of the pressure distribution

A

Centre of pressure

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37
Q

line connecting geometric middle points of
cross sections of the aircraft structure

A

Centre-line of aircraft

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38
Q

line connecting geometric middle points of
cross sections of the aircraft structure

A

Centre wingbox

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39
Q

a resulting force by spinning a mass around

A

Centrifugal force

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40
Q

small angles or simple sheet metal parts for
(shear) connection of various parts

A

Clips and Cleats

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41
Q

the distance between the leading and trailing
edge of a wing section

A

Chord

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42
Q

the covers around the engine

A

Cowling

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43
Q

an imaginary line jointing the leading and
trailing edge of a wing section

A

Chord line

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44
Q

stress or force that tends to push material
together

A

Compression

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45
Q

part of the jet engine where the air coming
form the inlet is brought to a higher pressure

A

Compressor

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46
Q

attack of the material by an unwanted
chemical reaction (oxidation)

A

Corrosion

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47
Q

a wing in a triangular planform

A

Delta wing

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48
Q

structures that have different curvatures in
two directions of various directions

A

Double curvature

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49
Q

wing in a v-shape

A

Dihedral

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50
Q

holes in the structure to remove water
accumulated during flight

A

Drain holes

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51
Q

point where elastic elongation changes in
plastic elongation

A

Elastic limit

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52
Q

control surface for pitch

A

Elevator

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53
Q

control surface for pitch and roll

A

Elevons (Elevators- Aileron)

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54
Q

the rear section of the body of the airplane
with stabilisers

A

Empennage

55
Q

principle of maintaining adequate performance
after some degree of damage or degradation
has occured

A

Fail safe

56
Q

plastic deformation or breaking of a structure

A

Failure

57
Q

non-structural transition part between
components to create an aerodynamic smooth
shape and low drag

A

Fairings

58
Q

certif ication
procedures and airwothiness standards of the
US government (FAA)

A

FAR

59
Q

means for mechanically joining parts (bolted
and riveted joints)

A

Fasteners

60
Q

failure, at relatively low stress levels, of
structures that are subjected of fluctuating and
cyclic stress

A

Fatigue

61
Q

vertical stabilizer, tailplane

A

fin

62
Q

numerical method of calculation by
discretisation a continuum into a f inite number
of parts (elements)

A

Finite element method

62
Q

generally heavily loaded part or f ixture to
attach system or other part to a structure

A

Fitting

63
Q

the movable part at the trailing edge of the
wing which, when extended and / or deflected,
increase the lift

A

Flap

64
Q

the surface which combines the control
function of flaps and ailerons

A

Flaperon

65
Q

place where the pilots fly the airplane

A

Flight Deck

66
Q

a horizontal stabilizing and control surface
forward of the wing (see canard)

A

Foreplane

67
Q

Airloadson the skin distort the airframe, but the structure is said to be aero-elastic if it absorbs loads with out breakage and returns to its original shape when they are removed.

A

Aero-elasticity

68
Q

a technique used mainly to reduce the aero-elastic bending of wings.

A

Bending relief

69
Q

a fully equipped operational airplane, empty for example without crew, fuel or payload.

A

aircraft prepared for service weight (APS weight)

70
Q

standard empty weight plus optional equipment.

A

Basic empty weight

71
Q

weight of a standard aeroplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil.

A

Standard empty weight

72
Q

maximum power permissible for take-off

A

TOP

73
Q

Actual atmospheric pressure at field elevation.

A

Station Pressure

74
Q

a regular short period oscillation in yaw and roll

A

Dutch Roll

75
Q

a high frequency oscillation usually caused by the interaction of aerodynamic forces and the natural frequencies of control surfaces and structure.

A

Flutter

76
Q

the angle between the datum line of the aircraft from nose to tail, and the chord line of an aerofoil section

A

Angle of incidence

77
Q

total pressure = static + dynamic pressure, p + q = C

A

Bernoulli’s Law

78
Q

Shaking and thumping of the aircraft caused by turbulent lumps of agitated air left behind in the wake.

A

Buffet

79
Q

Motion of the air or water along a curved path. Circulation produces lift.

A

Circulation

80
Q

the angle subtended between the chord lines of biplane wings, and between wings and stabiliser

A

Decalage

81
Q

the vertical distance between the wings of a biplane

A

Gap

82
Q

the magnitude of the aerodynamic twisting effect exerted at the hinge of a control or flap surface.

A

Hinge moment

83
Q

causes loss of power and mechanical shocks that can cause engine failure.

A

Detonation

84
Q

Setting the blades of a stopped propeller at zero angle of attack, so as to reduce drag to the minimum by preventing windmilling.

A

Feathering

85
Q

a form of pump which compresses the air supplied to the cylinders, to be mixed with fuel so as to maintain power to higher altitudes.

A

Supercharger and Turbo(super)charger

86
Q

the relative airflow past an aircraft

A

Slipstream

87
Q

the relationship between control surface movement and the movement of the control in the cockpit

A

Gearing

88
Q

when it feels as if it is connected to a spring, which must be compressed or extended before the control surface begins to move.

A

Spongy

88
Q

a regular short period oscillation in yaw and roll

A

Dutch Roll

89
Q

the indicated of the aeroplane, corrected for position and instrument error.

A

calibrated airspeed (CAS)

89
Q

flight with a component of airflow from the side

A

Sideslip

90
Q

Controls are said to be well harmonisedwhen forces and deflections, and the response of the aircraft to them, are such that the pilot is not aware of having to use too much or too little effort.

A

Harmonisation

91
Q

turbulence

A

Gust

92
Q

the measure of material’s resistance to
deformations by surface indentation or by
abrasion

A

Hardness

93
Q

treatment to improve the material properties
(mechanical properties, formability, corrosion
resistance)

A

Heat treatment of metals

94
Q

device to create higher lift

A

High lift device

95
Q

the core material, between face sheets of a
sandwich structure, with the shape of the six
sided wall shape made by the honeybee

A

Honeycomb

96
Q

a movable joint with one (or more) degree(s)
of freedom

A

Hinge

97
Q

the strain is equal to the stress divided by the
Young’s modulus

A

Hooke’s law

98
Q

a body’s resistance to a change in its motion
as a result of an applied acceleration

A

Inertia

99
Q

the main stringer in the fuselage or
longitudinal beam

A

Longeron

100
Q

the high force which will be one time load the
structure at which no plastic deformation
should occur

A

Limit load

101
Q

the front of the wing or tail plane

A

Leading edge

102
Q

the forces which are caused by landing in the
landing gear and back-up structure

A

Landing loads

103
Q

certification
procedures and airworthiness standards of the
European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA)

A

Joint Aviation Regulations (JAR)

104
Q

frame at which wing spar is connected to the
fuselage

A

Mainframe

105
Q

to keep the plane in good condition for
continued operation

A

Maintenance

106
Q

a structure with a cloes cross-section which
mainly consists of a thin skin

A

Monocoque

107
Q

to fix on a support

A

Mount

108
Q

stress level of a loaded material where next to
deformation starts to become plastic

A

Yield point

109
Q

the increase in hardness and strength of a
ductile metal as it is plastically deformed below
its recrystallization temperature

A

Work hardening

110
Q

the vertical aerodynamic plane at the end of
the wings

A

Winglet

111
Q

the distance from wing-tip to wing-tip

A

Wing span

112
Q

an aircraft’s weight (or effective weight if it
manoeuvring) divided by its gross wing area

A

Wing loading

113
Q

a box in the wing to take torsion forces

A

Wing box

114
Q

the plane to provide lift

A

Wing

115
Q

a way of jointing two parts together by local
melting

A

Welding

116
Q

a structural member mainly loaded in shear in
the plane of the member (part of the spar, and
sometimes in ribs and frames

A

Web

117
Q

the system on which the airplane can land or
descent (also called landing gear)

A

Undercarriage

118
Q

the load which will cause failure of the
structure

A

Ultimate load

119
Q

structure which it’s made out of tubes, rods or
thin elements, each element only loaded in
tension or compression

A

Truss

120
Q

balanced condition, an airplane that is flying
at an angle of attack such that its moment
about the centre of gravity is zero

A

Trim

121
Q

This structures increases the rigidity of the wing and resist the twisting and bending motion without increasing the mass of used material used in construction

A

Torsion box

122
Q

force that ( resists the movement of two contacting surfaces ) that slide relative to one another.

A

Friction

123
Q

form of loading which tends to cause the
atoms or molecules of a material to slide over
each other

A

Shear

124
Q

independent power driven adjustment or
shifting mechanism

A

Servo actuator

125
Q

opening panels on upper surface of the wing
to disturb the airflow over the wing (spoils lift),

A

Spoilers

126
Q

to give the aircraft stability during flight,
smaller wing (fixed horizontal and vertical) are
located at the tail of the plane

A

Stabilizer

127
Q

the lowest speed of the aircraft in flight at
which the airflow over the wing separates and
becomes turbulent, so the lift will be lost

A

Stalling speed

128
Q

a stiffening member which supports a section
of the load carrying skin,

A

Stringer

129
Q

a slender (bar or tubular) structural member
which is loaded in compression

A

Strut

130
Q

the angle between quart chord line of the
wing and centre line of fuselage, swept-back
has a positive sweep angle

A

Sweep angle

131
Q

system of flaps or doors on the jet engine
that bends the jet forward, thus slowing down
the aircraft after landing

A

Thrust reverser

132
Q

effect produced by two forces pulling against
each other

A

Tension

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES AND DESIGN (5 decks)

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