AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE I M1 Flashcards
The key discovery that “_____” could be created by passing air over
the top of a curved surface set the development of fixed and rotary-wing aircraft in
motion.
LIFT
_______ developed an efficient cambered airfoil in the early 1800s, as
well as successful manned gliders later in that century.
George Cayley
He established the principles of flight, including the existence of lift, weight, thrust, and drag.
George Cayley
It was _____ who first stacked wings and created a tri-wing glider that flew a man in 1853.
George Cayley
The term “_____” is often used interchangeably with the word “strain.”
STRESS
External loads or forces cause _____.
STRESS
____ is a material’s
internal resistance, or counterforce, that opposes deformation.
STRESS
The degree of deformation of a
material is ______.
STRAIN
When a material is subjected to a ________, that material is deformed,
regardless of how strong the material is or how light the load is.
load or force
FIVE MAJOR STRESSES
- Tension
- Compression
- Torsion
- Shear
- Bending
is the stress that resists a force that tends to pull something apart.
TENSION
pulling force transmitted axially by the means
of a string, a cable, chain, or similar one dimensional continuous object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three-dimensional object; tension might also be described as the
action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements.
TENSION
could be the
opposite of compression.
TENSION
is the stress that resists a crushing force.
COMPRESSION
The compressive strength of a material is also measured in ____.
PSI
is the stress that tends to shorten or squeeze
aircraft parts.
COMPRESSION
_________ stress is a force that causes a material to deform to occupy a smaller volume.
Compressive
stress that produces twisting. While moving the aircraft forward, the
engine also tends to twist it to one side, but other aircraft components hold it on course.
TORSION
The ______ strength of a material is its resistance to twisting or torque.
TORSION
is the stress that resists the force tending to cause one layer of a material to slide over an adjacent layer.
SHEAR
Two riveted plates in tension subject the rivets to a ________ force.
SHEARING
the ________ strength of a material is either equal to or less than its tensile or
compressive strength.
SHEARING
Aircraft parts, especially screws, bolts, and rivets, are often subject to a
_____ force.
SHEARING
______ stress may occur in solids or liquids; in the latter it is related to fluid
viscosity.
SHEAR
_____ stress is a combination of compression and tension.
BENDING
In applied mechanics, ________ (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a
slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a
longitudinal axis of the element.
BENDING
The airframe of a fixed-wing aircraft consists of the following five major
units:
Wings
Fuselage
Stabilizers
Flight control surfaces
Landing gear
A rotary-wing aircraft consists of the following four major units:
Fuselage
Landing gear
Main rotor assembly
Tail rotor assembly
The primary factors to consider in
aircraft structures are ______, _____, and ______.
strength, weight, and reliability
An aircraft ________ must be strong and light in weight.
AIRFRAME
All materials used to construct an aircraft must be ______.
RELIABLE
_________ minimizes the
possibility of dangerous and unexpected failures.
RELIABILITY
The _______ absorbs the forces imposed on the aircraft by takeoffs and
landings.
LANDING GEAR
During flight, any maneuver that causes acceleration or deceleration increases the
forces and stresses on the _____ and ______.
wings and fuselage
The _______ absorbs the same stresses and transmits them to the
fuselage.
empennage (tail section)
the study of loads is called a ____________
stress analysis
_____ are analyzed and considered when an aircraft is designed.
STRESSES
_____ is defined as
pull.
TENSION
It is the stress of stretching an object or pulling at its ends.
TENSION
forces acting on an aircraft move toward
each other to squeeze the material,
COMPRESSION
__________ is the resistance to crushing produced by two forces pushing toward each other
in the same straight line.
COMPRESSION
cutting a piece of paper with scissors
is an example of a ______ action
SHEARING
stress exerted when two
pieces of fastened material tend to separate.
SHEAR
