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prelims 2nd sem > aircraft propeller > Flashcards

aircraft propeller Flashcards

1
Q

what was the first version of the propeller

A

rotating screw design

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2
Q

who invented the rotating screw design and when

A

Archimedes 200BC

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3
Q

introduced to aviation to distinguish between the aeronautical and marine type propellers

A

airscrew

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4
Q

introduced the idea of using two propellers on airships

A

jp paucton

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5
Q

what are the two propellers on airships for

A

propel the craft forward and lift it upward

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6
Q

who used the first airborne propeller on his hot air balloon and when

A

Jeanne Pierre Blanchard, October 16 1784

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7
Q

who invented the first full-size powered airship and when

A

Jules Henri Giffard, 1852

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8
Q

what are the components of the first full-sized powered airship

A

three-bladed propeller paired with a 3-horsepower steam engine

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9
Q

aviation pioneer who successfully built steerable aluminum airships powered by large wooden propellers and when

A

alberto santos-dumont, 1873

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10
Q

what was the firs successful controlled and sustained flight and when

A

Wright Flyer I December 17 1903

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11
Q

modern propellers are made from what materials + range of number of blades

A

aluminum or composite materials with two to six blades

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12
Q

converts the power output of the engine into forward thrust to move the aircraft through the air.

A

propeller

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13
Q

what is a propeller essentially is

A

rotating wing or airfoil

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14
Q

converts rotational energy into propulsive force creating thrust which is approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation.

A

propeller

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15
Q

rotational energy can be produced by what

A

piston or gas turbine engine

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16
Q

two or more blades of propeller is connected by what

A

hub

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17
Q

It is the force that moves the aircraft through the air and it is generated by the propulsion system of an aircraft.

A

thrust

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18
Q

basic nomenclature of propeller

A

blade, blade back, blade face, shank, tip, hub, leading edge, trailing edge, blade station, blade angle, blade pitch

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19
Q

One arm of a propeller from the butt to the tip.

A

blade

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20
Q

The thickened portion of the blade near the hub of the propeller. sometimes referred to as the root. it is usually thick to give strengthand it’s cylindrical where it fits the hub barrel

A

shank

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21
Q

The surface of the blade as seen by standing in front of the propeller.

A

blade back

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22
Q

The surface of the blade as seen by
standing directly behind the propeller. is the surface of the propeller blade that corresponds to the lower surface of an airfoil or flat side.

A

blade face

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23
Q

The portion of the blade farthest from the hub.

A

tip

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24
Q

The central portion of the propeller that is fitted to the propeller shaft,
securing the blades by their roots.

A

hub

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25
Q

The forward or “cutting edge” of the blade that leads in the direction the propeller is turning.

A

leading edge

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26
Q

The edge of the propeller adjacent to the aft end of the hub. it is the rear edge of the airfoil, where the airflow separated by the leading edge rejoins.

A

trailing edge

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27
Q

These are reference lines, usually designed as measurements, made from the hub. These lines are numbered and locate positions on the propeller blade. They are usually designated at 6-inch intervals. The first station is normally 12 inches from the hub.

A

blade station

28
Q

angle formed between the
propeller’s plane of rotation and the chord line of its airfoil section.is an angular measurement and is expressed in degrees.

A

blade angle

29
Q

is the distance in inches that a propeller section will advance in one revolution.

A

blade pitch

30
Q

a part of an airfoil that hits the air particle first.

A

leading edge

31
Q

portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow

A

trailing edge

32
Q

straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil

A

chord line

33
Q

imaginary line drawn halfway between the upper and lower surface of the airfoil. denotes the amount of curvature of an airfoil

A

mean camber line

34
Q

upper surface of an airfoil

A

upper camber

35
Q

lower surface of an airfoil

A

lower camber

36
Q

in early development of propeller the first used materials in constructing propeller is this

A

wood

37
Q

preferred for its greater homogeneity and material reliability

A

steel

38
Q

most commonly used materials in constructing aircraft propeller in modern time

A

aluminum alloy

39
Q

made from high strength fibers and resin that forms a durable and lightweight plastic

A

composite

40
Q

forces acting on the propeller

A

centrifugal force, torque bending, thrust bending force, aerodynamic twisting force, centrifugal twisting force

41
Q

greatest force acting upon the propeller blade. tends to pull the blade of a spinning propeller out of its hub.

A

centrifugal force

42
Q

tendency for a blade to bend backwards, through its length in a direction opposite reaction. created by the density of air

A

torque bending

43
Q

causes a rotating propeller to try to pull away from the aircraft.

A

thrust bending force

44
Q

tries to rotate the blades in the hub to an increased blade angle.

A

aerodynamic twisting force

45
Q

the point at which this force is exerted most strongly on the chord of the airfoil

A

center of pressure

46
Q

blades tends to twist them to a lower pitch angle. This occurs because all parts of the propeller try to remain in a plane parallel to the plane of rotation.

A

centrifugal twisting force

47
Q

has the blade pitch, or blade
angle, built into the propeller.

A

fixed-pitch propeller

48
Q

types of propeller

A

fixed-pitch, ground adjustable, controllable, constant, feathering, reverse

49
Q

blade angle cannot be changed after the propeller is built

A

fixed-pitch propeller

50
Q

what are fixed-pitch propellers designed for

A

best efficiency at one rotational and forward speed

51
Q

fixed-pitch propeller are used on what kind of aircraft

A

light single engine aircraft

52
Q

can be changed only when the propeller is not turning

A

ground adjustable propeller

53
Q

permits a change of blade pitch, or angle, while the propeller is rotating. allows the propeller to assume a blade angle that gives the best performance for particular flight conditions.

A

controllable pitch propeller

54
Q

The propeller has a natural tendency to slow down as the aircraft climbs and to speed up as the aircraft dives because the load on the engine varies. the speed is kept as constant as possible. By using propeller governors to increase or decrease propeller pitch, the engine speed is held constant.

A

constant speed propeller

55
Q

Constant speed propeller is also known as what

A

automatic-pitch propeller

56
Q

A propeller which changes to the operational forces and is not controlled from the cockpit.

A

constant speed propeller

57
Q

is a constant-speed propeller used on multi-engine aircraft that has a mechanism to change the pitch to an angle of approximately 90°.

A

feathering propeller

58
Q

are controllable propellers whose blade angles may be changed to a negative value in-flight. is to create a
negative blade angle to produce thrust in the opposite direction.

A

reverse pitch propeller

59
Q

blade element theory was evolved when and by who

A

1909 by Dryewieki

60
Q

This theory assumes that the propeller blade from the end of the hub barrel to tip is divided into various small, rudimentary airfoil sections.

A

blade element theory

61
Q

Are designated distances along the blade as measured from the center of the hub or from some reference line marked near the tip.

A

blade station

62
Q

perks of division of sections separated by stations

A

provides a convenient means of
discussing the performance of the propeller blade, locating blade markings, finding the proper point for measuring the blade angle, and locating antiglare areas.

63
Q

is the difference between the geometric pitch of the propeller and its effective pitch.

A

propeller slip

64
Q

distance a propeller should advance in one revolution with no slippage

A

geometric pitch

65
Q

is the distance it actually advances.

A

effective pitch

66
Q

recognizes propeller slippage in the air.

A

actual, or effective, pitch

67
Q

relationship of slip

A

geometric pitch - effective pitch = slip

prelims 2nd sem (5 decks)

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