aircraft propeller

Question 1

what was the first version of the propeller

Answer 1

rotating screw design

Question 2

who invented the rotating screw design and when

Answer 2

Archimedes 200BC

Question 3

introduced to aviation to distinguish between the aeronautical and marine type propellers

Answer 3

airscrew

Question 4

introduced the idea of using two propellers on airships

Answer 4

jp paucton

Question 5

what are the two propellers on airships for

Answer 5

propel the craft forward and lift it upward

Question 6

who used the first airborne propeller on his hot air balloon and when

Answer 6

Jeanne Pierre Blanchard, October 16 1784

Question 7

who invented the first full-size powered airship and when

Answer 7

Jules Henri Giffard, 1852

Question 8

what are the components of the first full-sized powered airship

Answer 8

three-bladed propeller paired with a 3-horsepower steam engine

Question 9

aviation pioneer who successfully built steerable aluminum airships powered by large wooden propellers and when

Answer 9

alberto santos-dumont, 1873

Question 10

what was the firs successful controlled and sustained flight and when

Answer 10

Wright Flyer I December 17 1903

Question 11

modern propellers are made from what materials + range of number of blades

Answer 11

aluminum or composite materials with two to six blades

Question 12

converts the power output of the engine into forward thrust to move the aircraft through the air.

Answer 12

propeller

Question 13

what is a propeller essentially is

Answer 13

rotating wing or airfoil

Question 14

converts rotational energy into propulsive force creating thrust which is approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation.

Answer 14

propeller

Question 15

rotational energy can be produced by what

Answer 15

piston or gas turbine engine

Question 16

two or more blades of propeller is connected by what

Answer 16

hub

Question 17

It is the force that moves the aircraft through the air and it is generated by the propulsion system of an aircraft.

Answer 17

thrust

Question 18

basic nomenclature of propeller

Answer 18

blade, blade back, blade face, shank, tip, hub, leading edge, trailing edge, blade station, blade angle, blade pitch

Question 19

One arm of a propeller from the butt to the tip.

Answer 19

blade

Question 20

The thickened portion of the blade near the hub of the propeller. sometimes referred to as the root. it is usually thick to give strengthand it’s cylindrical where it fits the hub barrel

Answer 20

shank

Question 21

The surface of the blade as seen by standing in front of the propeller.

Answer 21

blade back

Question 22

The surface of the blade as seen by
standing directly behind the propeller. is the surface of the propeller blade that corresponds to the lower surface of an airfoil or flat side.

Answer 22

blade face

Question 23

The portion of the blade farthest from the hub.

Answer 23

tip

Question 24

The central portion of the propeller that is fitted to the propeller shaft,
securing the blades by their roots.

Answer 24

hub

Question 25

The forward or “cutting edge” of the blade that leads in the direction the propeller is turning.

Answer 25

leading edge

Question 26

The edge of the propeller adjacent to the aft end of the hub. it is the rear edge of the airfoil, where the airflow separated by the leading edge rejoins.

Answer 26

trailing edge

Question 27

These are reference lines, usually designed as measurements, made from the hub. These lines are numbered and locate positions on the propeller blade. They are usually designated at 6-inch intervals. The first station is normally 12 inches from the hub.

Answer 27

blade station

Question 28

angle formed between the propeller's plane of rotation and the chord line of its airfoil section.is an angular measurement and is expressed in degrees.

Answer 28

blade angle

Question 29

is the distance in inches that a propeller section will advance in one revolution.

Answer 29

blade pitch

Question 30

a part of an airfoil that hits the air particle first.

Answer 30

leading edge

Question 31

portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow

Answer 31

trailing edge

Question 32

straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil

Answer 32

chord line

Question 33

imaginary line drawn halfway between the upper and lower surface of the airfoil. denotes the amount of curvature of an airfoil

Answer 33

mean camber line

Question 34

upper surface of an airfoil

Answer 34

upper camber

Question 35

lower surface of an airfoil

Answer 35

lower camber

Question 36

in early development of propeller the first used materials in constructing propeller is this

Answer 36

wood

Question 37

preferred for its greater homogeneity and material reliability

Answer 37

steel

Question 38

most commonly used materials in constructing aircraft propeller in modern time

Answer 38

aluminum alloy

Question 39

made from high strength fibers and resin that forms a durable and lightweight plastic

Answer 39

composite

Question 40

forces acting on the propeller

Answer 40

centrifugal force, torque bending, thrust bending force, aerodynamic twisting force, centrifugal twisting force

Question 41

greatest force acting upon the propeller blade. tends to pull the blade of a spinning propeller out of its hub.

Answer 41

centrifugal force

Question 42

tendency for a blade to bend backwards, through its length in a direction opposite reaction. created by the density of air

Answer 42

torque bending

Question 43

causes a rotating propeller to try to pull away from the aircraft.

Answer 43

thrust bending force

Question 44

tries to rotate the blades in the hub to an increased blade angle.

Answer 44

aerodynamic twisting force

Question 45

the point at which this force is exerted most strongly on the chord of the airfoil

Answer 45

center of pressure

Question 46

blades tends to twist them to a lower pitch angle. This occurs because all parts of the propeller try to remain in a plane parallel to the plane of rotation.

Answer 46

centrifugal twisting force

Question 47

has the blade pitch, or blade angle, built into the propeller.

Answer 47

fixed-pitch propeller

Question 48

types of propeller

Answer 48

fixed-pitch, ground adjustable, controllable, constant, feathering, reverse

Question 49

blade angle cannot be changed after the propeller is built

Answer 49

fixed-pitch propeller

Question 50

what are fixed-pitch propellers designed for

Answer 50

best efficiency at one rotational and forward speed

Question 51

fixed-pitch propeller are used on what kind of aircraft

Answer 51

light single engine aircraft

Question 52

can be changed only when the propeller is not turning

Answer 52

ground adjustable propeller

Question 53

permits a change of blade pitch, or angle, while the propeller is rotating. allows the propeller to assume a blade angle that gives the best performance for particular flight conditions.

Answer 53

controllable pitch propeller

Question 54

The propeller has a natural tendency to slow down as the aircraft climbs and to speed up as the aircraft dives because the load on the engine varies. the speed is kept as constant as possible. By using propeller governors to increase or decrease propeller pitch, the engine speed is held constant.

Answer 54

constant speed propeller

Question 55

Constant speed propeller is also known as what

Answer 55

automatic-pitch propeller

Question 56

A propeller which changes to the operational forces and is not controlled from the cockpit.

Answer 56

constant speed propeller

Question 57

is a constant-speed propeller used on multi-engine aircraft that has a mechanism to change the pitch to an angle of approximately 90°.

Answer 57

feathering propeller

Question 58

are controllable propellers whose blade angles may be changed to a negative value in-flight. is to create a negative blade angle to produce thrust in the opposite direction.

Answer 58

reverse pitch propeller

Question 59

blade element theory was evolved when and by who

Answer 59

1909 by Dryewieki

Question 60

This theory assumes that the propeller blade from the end of the hub barrel to tip is divided into various small, rudimentary airfoil sections.

Answer 60

blade element theory

Question 61

Are designated distances along the blade as measured from the center of the hub or from some reference line marked near the tip.

Answer 61

blade station

Question 62

perks of division of sections separated by stations

Answer 62

provides a convenient means of discussing the performance of the propeller blade, locating blade markings, finding the proper point for measuring the blade angle, and locating antiglare areas.

Question 63

is the difference between the geometric pitch of the propeller and its effective pitch.

Answer 63

propeller slip

Question 64

distance a propeller should advance in one revolution with no slippage

Answer 64

geometric pitch

Question 65

is the distance it actually advances.

Answer 65

effective pitch

Question 66

recognizes propeller slippage in the air.

Answer 66

actual, or effective, pitch

Question 67

relationship of slip

Answer 67

geometric pitch - effective pitch = slip