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Air Law Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four types of horizontal separation?

A
  1. Longitudinal.
  2. Lateral.
  3. Radar.
  4. Geographical (Terminal areas <6000’).
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2
Q

When must you select a destination alternate?

A

When the anticipated weather one hour either side of anticipated landing time is cloud < 1000’ higher than MDA/DA, visibility < 5km or < 2km above prescribed minimum whichever is greater.

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3
Q

Can you fly a departure procedure containing a visual segment at night?

A

No - unless annotated on the chart.

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4
Q

What are the Wake Turbulence separation times for departing flights on the same runway?

A

Same Take-Off Position:
All 2 mins except A380-Medium and A380-Light which are 3 mins.

Intermediate Take Off Position:
All 3 mins except A380-Medium and A380-Light which are 4 mins

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5
Q

What are the PANS-OPS Cat C Approach Speeds?

A
  1. Vat: 121kts - 140kts
  2. Initial Approach: 160kts - 240kts
  3. Final Approach: 115kts - 160kts
  4. Circling: ≤180kts
  5. Missed Approach: ≤240kts
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6
Q

What are the Wake Turbulence separation times for arriving and departing flights on the same runway in opposite directions?

A

All 2 mins except A380-Heavy/Medium/Light which are all 3 mins.

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7
Q

What is the minimum assumed turning bank angle to be used on a missed approach?

A

15°

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8
Q

What is the Standard NZAIP IFR take off minima?

A

As per op data chart or if not detailed, 300’ cloud base, 1500m visibility.

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9
Q 
Visual Signals:
Steady Green
Steady Red
Green Flashes
Red Flashes
White Flashes
Alternating Red and Green Flashes
Red Pyrotechnic
A

Steady Green - Cleared to land/take-off
Steady Red - Give way to other aircraft an continue in the circuit/stop
Green Flashes - Return for landing/cleared to taxi
Red Flashes - Aerodrome unsafe do not land/taxi clear of landing area in use
White Flashes - Land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron/return to starting point on aerodrome
Alternating Red and Green Flashes - Danger be on alert
Red Pyrotechnic - Notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land for the time being.

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10
Q

An A320 lines up behind a departing 767 from an intermediate point. How long before it can depart?

A

3 Minutes - all intermediate departures are 3 minutes except for medium and light behind A380.

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11
Q

What is the Vertical Separation in NZZC Airspace?

A
  1. 1000’ below FL290.

2. 2000’ above FL290 except in RVSM airspace between RVSM approved aircraft.

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12
Q

Under what criteria can ATC protect the Missed Approach by instructing the pilot to enter the aerodrome traffic circuit?

A

Cloud Base > 2000’ and visibility > 8km or the circling minima for the type of approach being flown whichever is the higher.
Except will not be issued at night in Wellington and Queenstown has special procedures.

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13
Q

In NZZO and NZZC, what levels are RVSM?

A

FL290 - FL410.

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14
Q

What are the weather minima requirements for divert airfields?

A
  1. Precision approach at divert: 600’ CB / 200’ > DA, 3000M vis, 1000M > prescribed.
  2. Non-precision approach at divert: 800’ CB / 200’ > MDA, 4000m vis / 1500m > prescribed.
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15
Q

What speed difference from mach number at FIR entry or other ATC notified speed in NZZO must you advise ATC?

A

0.02M

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16
Q

What are the Wake Turbulence separation times for arriving and departing flights on the same runway or for crossing runways? (Flight path of following aircraft must cross flight path of lead aircraft)

A

All are two mins except A380 either departing or arriving is 3 mins vs all.

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17
Q

When is Separation Provided By ATC?

A
  1. IFR - IFR in Class A, C, D airspace except by day in Class D when flights have been cleared to climb or descend subject to maintaining own separation VMC.
  2. IFR - SVFR in Class C & D.
  3. IFR - VFR in Class C.
  4. SVFR - SVFR when reported vis is , 5km.
  5. At controlled aerodromes when defined runway and wake turbulence separations are applicable.
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18
Q

What lights must you have in sight to continue a visual approach at night?

A

Runway lights.

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19
Q

What are the PANS-OPS Cat C and D Circling Distance and Speed Requirements?

A

Cat C:
Airspeed - 180 KIAS
Distance - 4.2nm unless otherwise stated on chart.
Cat D:
Airspeed - 205 KIAS
Distance - 5.28nm unless otherwise stated on chart.
This is for NZAIP standard of 1000’ AGL above 1000’ elevation airfield.

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20
Q

What conditions must be met to operate below MDA/DA?

A
  1. The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at normal rate of descent using normal manoeuvres that will allow touchdown to occur within the touchdown zone of the runway of intended landing.
  2. On a circling approach, maintain the aircraft within the appropriate circling area.
  3. The flight visibility is not less than that prescribed for the approach.
  4. Runway or approach lights in sight.
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21
Q

When does the NZFIR transition level become FL160?

A
  1. QNH < 980 HPa

2. Within 20nm of Mt Cook.

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22
Q

Can you cut through an active GAA using visual separation?

A

No. Must remain clear of the area in all cases.

23
Q

Can you do an 80° procedure turn if the chart depicts a 45° procedure?

A

Yes. Not the other way round.

24
Q

When is Wake Turbulence separation not applied?

A

When an IFR aircraft is on a visual approach.

25
Q

Does a clearance for a visual approach cancel all speed restrictions?

A

Yes unless otherwise advised.

26
Q

What speed requirements are there below 10000’ in Class C airspace in NZ?

A

Max 250kts within 30nm of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch airports.

27
Q

What do the following unmodulated transmissions mean?

  • 1 click
  • 2 clicks
  • 3 clicks
  • 4 clicks
A
  1. Yes / Roger
  2. No
  3. Say again
  4. At nominated position
28
Q

At what distance to run do runway centreline lights change?

A

Change to alternating red and white with 3000’ (900m) to run, and to all red with 1000’ (300m) to run.

29
Q

What is the NZAIP reduced take off minima?

A

0’ cloud base, 800m visibility provided:

  • The runway to be used has centreline marking or lighting.
  • The take off weather visibility is confirmed by the pilot by observation of the runway centreline marking or centreline lighting.
  • The plate allows for reduced take off minima to be used.
  • Any obstacles in the take off flight path are taken into account.
30
Q

What are the PANS-OPS Cat D Approach Speeds?

A
  1. Vat: 141kts - 165kts
  2. Initial Approach: 185kts - 250kts
  3. Final Approach: 130kts - 185kts
  4. Circling: ≤205kts
  5. Missed Approach: ≤265kts
31
Q

What must you have in sight for a visual approach at night?

A

Runway lights.

32
Q

What is the lateral separation applied under radar control?

A

5nm or 3nm within 60nm of Auckland, Ohakea, Wellington or CH aerodromes or Te Weraiti (Kaimais)

33
Q

When must you execute a Missed Approach?

A
  • If at the MAPt the pilot has not established visual reference with any portion of the runway or visual landing aids in terms of the meteorological minima prescribed for the approach.
  • An identifiable part of the aerodrome is not distinctly visible to the pilot during a circling manoeuvre at or above MDA.
  • At any time during the approach if directed by ATC.

During final approach, a published missed approach may be requested from ATC or, in an emergency initiated at any time.

34
Q

What is the NZAIP Holding times and speeds?

A
  1. < 14000’: 230kts (280kts in turb)
    1. 14000’-20000’: 240kts (280kts/0.8M whichever is less in turb)
    2. 20000’-34000’: 265kts (280kts/0.8M whichever is less in turb)
    3. > 34000’: 0.83M

1 minute at or below 14000’
1:30 above 14000’

35
Q

What are the requirements and Limitations for holding a Departure Alternate?

A

Requirement:
When met conditions will not allow a landing at the point of departure or any other reason a landing at the point of departure is not available.

Limitations:
Within one hour’s flying time from the departure aerodrome at OEI cruise speed, take off weight and ISA. Aerodrome must have met conditions allowing for the applicable approach.

36
Q

What are the Wake Turbulence separation times for arriving flights on the same runway?

A 
A380-A380 - 2 mins
A380-Heavy - 2 mins
A380-Medium - 3 mins
A380 - Light - 4 mins
Heavy-Heavy - 2 mins
Heavy-Medium - 2 mins
Heavy-Light - 3 mins
Medium-Light - 3 mins
37
Q

What are the requirements to descend below MDA/DA?

A
  1. The aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal manoeuvres that will allow a touchdown to occur within the touchdown zone;
  2. On a circling approach maintain the aircraft within the appropriate circling area;
  3. The visibility is not less than that required for the approach;
  4. Runway or lights in sight.
38
Q

How long for Cat C & D Aircraft for a 45° procedure turn?

A

1min 15s from commencement of turn off.

39
Q

What conditions must be met to be cleared for a visual approach?

A
  1. Pilot states “request visual approach”.
  2. Can maintain visual reference to terrain.
  3. The reported ceiling is not below the approved initial approach level for the aircraft being cleared.
  4. The pilot reports at the initial approach level or at any time during the instrument approach procedure, that the meteorological conditions will permit a visual approach snd there is a reasonable assurance that the landing can be accomplished.
40
Q

At what TAS does a 25° AoB turn become less than rate 1?

A

169 KTAS.

41
Q

On a DME arc, what distance laterally is terrain separation applied in the calculation of the minimum altitude?

A

2.5nm either side of arc.

42
Q

At what distance do runway edge lights change colour?

A

They change to yellow with 2000’ / 600m to run.

43
Q

If not reporting via ADS-C, when must you advise ATC of a revised ETA at the next point?

A

±2mins

44
Q

What is the standard timing for PANS-OPS holds?

A
  1. At or below 14000’: 1 minute.

2. Above 14000’: 1.5 minutes.

45
Q

What are the PANS-OPS Maximum SID Airspeeds for Cat C and Cat D?

A

Cat C: 265kts

Cat D: 290kts

46
Q

What is the distance based wake turbulence separation and when is it applied?

A

46784565

Applied when behind (0.5nm lateral margin) another aircraft and level to 1000’ below, crossing behind, same runway or separated by less than 760m.

47
Q

What Vertical Separation is Applied from Special Use Airspace?

A

Below FL290:
1000’ above D, R, M areas established for IFR or SVFR.
500’ above D, R, M areas established for VFR.
No minimum above other D, R, M or VHZ areas.

Above FL290:
2000’ above D, R, M areas established for IFR or SVFR.
1000’ above D, R, M areas established for VFR.
No minimum above other D, R, M or VHZ areas.

48
Q

What sector numbers equal what type of hold entry?

A
  1. Parallel.
  2. Offset.
  3. Direct.
49
Q

What are the PANS-OPS Cat C and D Hold Speeds?

A
  1. < 14000’: 230kts* (280kts in turb)
  2. 14000’-20000’: 240kts (280kts/0.8M whichever is less in turb)
  3. 20000’-34000’: 265kts (280kts/0.8M whichever is less in turb)
  4. > 34000’: 0.83M

*When the holding pattern is followed by the initial segment of an instrument approach that has been designed at a higher speed than 230kts the higher speed applies.

50
Q

What determines the circling area for PANS-OPS requirements?

A
  1. TAS at maximum IAS for circling for the category @ 1000’ above a 1000’ aerodrome;
  2. Wind of 25kts throughout the turn;
  3. 20° AoB or rate 1 turn whichever is less;
  4. ISA + 15°
51
Q

Must your fly over terrestrial navigations aids on a published departure?

A

Yes. No fly through.

52
Q

What is Essential Traffic?

A

Controlled traffic to which the provision of separation is applicable, but which, in relation to a particular controlled flight, is not separated by the prescribed minima. E.g. flights maintaining own separation VMC and flights affected as a result of a TCAS RA.

53
Q

What are the TERPS circling speeds for Cat C & D?

A

Cat C: 140kts

Cat D: 165kts

Law (7 decks)

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