Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation', cultural variations Flashcards
what are the three types of attachment
type a - insecure avoidant
type b - secure
type c - insecure resistant
what are the features of an insecure avoidant attachment
‘avoid caregiver’
- high exploration
- low proximity, secure base, reunion behaviour, comfort, stranger or seperation anxiety
summarise the stages of the strange situation
unfamiliar playroom
1 - caregiver and infant
2 - stranger and caregiver and infant
3 - stranger and infant
4 - caregiver and infant
5 - infant
6 - stranger and infant
7 - caregiver and infant
how many infants in ainsowrth’s study were insecure avoidant
15%
how may infants in the uk are classified as insecure avoidant
20-25%
what are the features of a secure attachment
- moderate proximity seeking, secure base behaviour, exploration, seperation and stranger anxiety, reunion behaviour, comfort
how many infants in ainsworth’s study were securely attached
70%
how many infants in the uk are securely attached
60-75%
what are the features of an insecure resistant attachment
- ‘clingy’
- high proximity, stranger and seperation anxiety
- low exploration, comfort and reunion behaviour (angry at caregiver for leaving them)
- require but don’t accept reunion behaviour
how many infants in ainsworth’s study were insecure resistant
15%
how many infants in the uk are insecure resistant
3%
what studied cultural variations in attachment
van Ijzendoorn and kroonenberg
which eight countries were in van izjendoorn and kroonenbergs study
Uk, US, Sweden, Japan, China, Holland, Germany and Israel
how was van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study a meta analysis
examined 32 studies, consulting nearly 2000 strange situation classifications
what is a intra-cultural variation
differences within a culture
what is inter-cultural variation
differences between different cultures
how was van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study better than others on attachment
large sample size and considered intra-cultural against inter-cultural differences
what were the findings of van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study in reference to intra/inter cultural differences
intra-cultural variation was 1.5 times greater than cross-cultural variations
from van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study which attachment type is the most common
secure
which country in van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study had the lowest rate of secure attachment
china - 50%
which country in van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study had the highest level of insecure avoidant infants
germany - 35%
which two countries in van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study had higher levels of insecure resistant infants than insecure avoidant
Israel and Japan
how did the findings of van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study compare to Ainsworths original research
secure 65% - A = 70%
avoidant 21% - A = 15%
what three conclusions can be made from van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenbergs’ study
- global attachment pattern similar to that in US
- secure is most common attachment
- cultural similarities show attachment is innate
what are cultural variations
the differences in norms and values that exist between people in different groups
what are the features of an individualist culture
emphasise independence, individuality and autonomy at expense of group goals
what are the features of a collectivist culture
emphasise group membership, interdependence and cooperation
what is a culture
a set of norms, traditions, beliefs and shared values of a group of people
