Aimals/Experimenters

Question 1

Pieris rapae, small white butterfly

Answer 1

Under UV light, reveals sexual dimorphism

Question 2

David Lack

Answer 2

Sign stimulus in robins - red breasr

Question 3

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 3

Female US behaviourist

Question 4

Charles Henry Turner

Answer 4

African American, studied insects

Question 5

Lophorina superba

Answer 5

Bird of paradise with elaborate mating dance

Question 6

Cervus elaphus

Answer 6

Red deer, rutting

Question 7

Bateson and reproductive fitness

Answer 7

Worked with Drosophila - males with more mates have increased relative fertility
Females do not

Question 8

California elephant seals

Answer 8

Pre-copulatory intrasexual selection - sexual weaponry, aggression
4% of males = 80% of mating

Question 9

Fisher, sexual selection

Answer 9

Looked at runaway sexual selection - skewed curve with optimal tail feather length between female choice and survival advantage

Question 10

Andersson

Answer 10

Chopped off / reattached tail feathers of birds to test sexual selection

Question 11

Red jungle fowl

Answer 11

Sexual selection
Males produce more sperm in the presence of another male, and increases strategic ejaculation volume with another female
Females eject low ranking sperm

Question 12

Barn swallow sonogram?

Answer 12

Rattle due to testosterone, many syllables

Question 13

Model species for birdsong?

Answer 13

Canary - compiled
Zebra finch - robotic
White-crowned sparrow (American)
Chaffinch

Question 14

Model species for song development studies?

Answer 14

Chaffinch - fringilla coelebs

Question 15

Nottebohm - brain in birdsong

Answer 15

Increased in HVc and RA during spring in canaries

Question 16

Krebs?

Answer 16

Optimal decision inequality

Question 17

Caraco? foraging

Answer 17

Uncertainty in foraging - feeders dispensing seeds

Question 18

Werner (predation and foraging)

Answer 18

Lepomis eaten by bass - adults same, juveniles foraged in weeds in predator side and grew 27% slower

Question 19

Kettlewell, 1956

Answer 19

carbonaria and typica peppered moth

Question 20

Snowberry fly

Answer 20

Greene et al, 1987

Question 21

Phengaris rebeli

Answer 21

Butterfly that imitates ant

Question 22

Myrmarachnae

Answer 22

jumping spiders, imitate ants with pheromones and morphologically with ‘sideways eyes’ as antennae from their two front legs

Question 23

Grasshoppers, Sword 2002

Answer 23

Aposematism and density dependence i.e. change to crypsis when low on this

Question 24

Zalucki, butterflies

Answer 24

Monarchs - raised on milkweed, cost of aposematism

Question 25

Lemmings and stoats

Answer 25

Boom and bust population pattern

Question 26

Bracken cave

Answer 26

Fall army worm moth (frugiperda) and nursing bat colony

Question 27

Karban, satiation

Answer 27

Cicadas emerging at different spots each year, Karban found bird predation is independent of population density

Question 28

Angel fish

Answer 28

Monogamy - good in fish as can manipulate the background

Question 29

Cyclid fish

Answer 29

Monogamous, high parental care, cooperative breeding in African cichlids

Question 30

Reef fish

Answer 30

Monogamy without parental care, suggesting monogamy evolved first and parental care is a consequence

Question 31

Vampire bats

Answer 31

Reciprocal altruism

Question 32

Turkeys

Answer 32

Courtship, mating coalitions

Question 33

Blackbacked jackal, white-fronted bee eater (bird)

Answer 33

Coop breeding, no of pups survived increases proportional to number of carers

Question 34

Bell miner birds

Answer 34

Biomass of food delivered per hour increases with relatedness to brood (relatives work harder)

Question 35

Long tailed tits

Answer 35

Failed breeders become helpers - 94% go to nests of relatives

Question 36

Common Eider (marine duck)

Answer 36

Nearly half are raised by non-genetic mothers