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604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 3 > AIDS & Vaccines > Flashcards

AIDS & Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmune diseases due to type II hypersensitivity reaction:

A
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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2
Q

Autoimmune diseases due to type III hypersensitivity reaction (non organ specific):

A

Lupus erythematosus

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3
Q

Is there type I hypersensitivity autoimmune disease? Why?

A

No b/c of IgE

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4
Q

Organ or cell specific AID for type II:

A
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:
  • Pemphigus vulgaris:
  • (benign) Mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP or MMP):
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia:
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Acute rheymatic fever
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5
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has antibodies to

A

Anti-thyroid

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6
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris has antibodies to

A

Antibodies to interstellar substance of the epithelium

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7
Q

(benign) Mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP or MMP) has antibodies to

A

Antibodies to basement membrane

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8
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia has antibodies to

A

RBCs

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9
Q

How do you get erythrocyte lysis?

A

anti-erythrocyte antibody attaches to RBC & you get complete activation as complement system & RBC lyse

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10
Q

How do you get phagocytosis & erythrocyte destruction?

A

FcR for antibody = phagocytosis
C3b is attached to antibody on RBC –> phagocytic cells express CR1

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11
Q

Myasthenia gravis antibody

A

Antibody against Ach receptor

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12
Q

How do you get myasthenia gravis?

A

Receptors are internalized by presence of antibody (inside of cell) → Ach doesn’t have receptor to interact w/ once it leaves presynaptic cell → muscle weakness

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13
Q

How do you get myasthenia gravis in infant? What if autoantibody is IgA?

A

Mother w/ Grave’s disease makes anti-TSHR antibodies → IgG antibodies cross placenta into fetus during pregnancy → newborn infant suffers from Graves’ disease → plasmapheresis removes maternal anti-TSHR antibodies & cures infant (in a few months once maternal antibodies are gone)

Baby wouldn’t get disease b/c IgA can’t cross placenta

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14
Q

Acute rheumatic fever antibodies

A

Antibodies cross-react w/ cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Examples of bullous (blister) diseases

A

pemphigus vulgaris & MMP

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16
Q

Non-organ specific AID (type III) example

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

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17
Q

Describe Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What does it have antibodies to?

A

Developes circulating immune complexes against antigens

Type III

Antibodies to: DNA, histones, ribosomes, snRNP, scRNP

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18
Q

T-cell mediated disease (type IV) examples

A
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
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19
Q

Type I diabetes has antibodies to

A

Pancreatic

20
Q

What is islet cell transplantation?

A

harvest islet of langerhans from pancreas & transplant into type I diabetic patient → patient’s won’t have to rely on receiving insulin for a while

21
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis results in

A

Joint inflammation & destruction

22
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis relationship to thymus

A

Inverse correlation between involution of thymus (loss of thymus w/ age, becomes fatty) & incidence of RA (increase of RA w/ age)

23
Q

Therapy directed against B cells have ___ antibody for ___

A

Anti-CD20
Rituximab

24
Q

For patients w/ type IV, you can treat them w/ ___ therapy like ___ which causes CMI response

A

Anti-TNF alpha
Infliximab

25
Q

Rheumatic diseases caused by autoimmunity

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis

26
Q

Define active immunity

A

when exposed to microbe or its products or when you recover

27
Q

2 ways active immunity occurs. Describe.

A
  • Natural: develops after recovering from infection
  • Artificial: intentional administration
28
Q

Examples of artificial administration for active immunity

A

Toxoids (tetanus), Inactivated vaccine where you receive killed microbe or its byproducts (HBV & covid), & live attenuated vaccines (measles & mumps)

29
Q

Describe passive immunity

A

through the administration of preformed antibodies (that are made in an animal, individual, or lab) as anti-toxins or human gammaglobulin

30
Q

2 ways passive immunity occurs. Describe them.

A
  • Natural: placental transfer of antibodies (IgG)
  • Artificial: anti-toxins (if you have tetanus you’re administered an antibody), human gammaglobulin, select monoclonal antibodies like those against Covid
31
Q

Killed vaccines antigenic mass, duration immun, & immunosup/deficient

A

Small
short-lived booster
Usually okay

32
Q

Live vaccines antigenic mass, duration immun, & immunosup/deficient

A

Larger due to proliferation of microbe
Often life long
Risk of disseminated & disease often fatal

33
Q

What’s used w/ kill vaccine? What do they do? Examples?

A

Adjuvants
Enhance immune response so it lasts longer
Alum & freund’s adjuvant

34
Q

___ is when the donor & recipient are the same individual

A

Autograft

35
Q

Define isograft

A

donor & recipient are genetically identical (identical twins)

36
Q

Define allograft

A

donor & recipient are of the same species, but genetically different

37
Q

___ is when the donor & recipient are of different species

A

Xenograft

38
Q

___ & ___ have graft rejection

A

Allografts & xenograft

39
Q

Acute vs. hyperacute graft rejection. What is their hypersensitivity reaction type?

A

Acute: usually mediated by T cells & they attack transplant
- Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

Hyperacute: antibody-mediated, the recipient has antibodies to donor organ
- Type II hypersensitivity reaction

40
Q

How does graft vs. host disease (GVHD) occur? What type of graft is this seen in?

A

Occurs when donor lymphocytes in donor graft attack recipient cells (T cells in transplant attack the recipients tissues)
Allograft

41
Q

___ is a major problem in BM transplantation

A

Graft vs. host disease (GVHD)

42
Q

Blood type A, B, AB, O antibody & antigen.

A

A
- antibody = anti B
- antigen = A

B
- antibody = anti A
- antigen = B

AB
- antibody = none
- antigen = A & B

O
- antibody = anti A & B
- antigen = none

43
Q

___ is important in transplant setting

A

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)

44
Q

Blood transfusion reactions is an example of type ___ hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type II

45
Q

Rh antigens is found on RBCs of ___% of population. Individuals w/ Rh- have what?

A

85%
Individuals who are Rh- can develop antibody to Rh antigen (anti-D)

46
Q

Describe erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Pregnant Rh- mother that’s been exposed to Rh antigen due to previous birth or blood transfusion, she has anti-D antibodies & Rh+ fetus → anti-D antibody crosses placenta & causes hemolytic anemia in newborn

47
Q

What is the drug given to pregnant Rh- woman who hasn’t developed antibody to Rh antigen? Can you give it to mother who already has anti-D?

A

Rhogam
No

604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 3 (5 decks)

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