Aids to Daily Living/ Prostheses Flashcards
1
Q
Home Automation Devices
A
- EADLs
- low and high tech
- support occupations in the home
- think of the video with the veteran with the decked out house
2
Q
EADL stands for
A
Electronic Aid to Daily Living
3
Q
Environmental Control Units
A
- may control devices and appliances remotely
- may operate on momentary, timed, or latch command
4
Q
Parts of the System
A
- input device
- – human and tech interface
- control unit processor
- appliance
5
Q
Control/Unit Processors
A
- Input: direct or indirect
- Output:
- – Infrared
- — X-10
- — Radio frequency (Bluetooth)
- — Wifi
- Portable or tethered
- Provide Feedback
- Some have EADL built in (power w/c with eye gaze tech)
6
Q
Infrared Remote
A
- learnable from another remote
- performs single switch scanning
- does 6 functions (so >1, but not many)
7
Q
Infrared + X-10: Quartet All in One System
A
- learns IR signals
- can use voice or switch activation (but voice is really old tech)
- operates X-10 devices
- with programming and equipment, can operate tv, bed, phone, lights, etc automatic environmental devices
8
Q
Infrared + X-10: Voice ME
A
- voice activated infrared control
- completely hands free: uses custom keyboard
- accommodates up to 4 users
- can add X-10 interface
- plugs into wall (no dealing with rechargeable batteries)
- provides auditory confirmation so you know you clicked what you meant to
9
Q
How X-10 works?
A
- control unit that sends on/off signals across house wiring
- ex: light switch
- receives signal to open or close the circuit
10
Q
X-10
A
- Uses electrical wiring in a home to send signals to appliance from control unit
- – Turns appliance on/off by “plugging and unplugging” at the outlet
- “Easy” to set up
- Individual pieces are inexpensive: Can purchase lamp and appliance modules at Radio Shack, Amazon.com
- Ex: i think a light timer that plugs into the outlet is another example
11
Q
X-10 Wireless
A
- set house codes
- signal strength within 100 ft of base
- makes control portable
- Con: modern tech devices interfere with x-10 (bluetooth, wifi)
12
Q
Insteon
A
- similar to X-10, but uses home wiring and radio frequency
- more sophisticated: key pads, installable outlets, motion detectors, cameras, mobile phone control
13
Q
Feedback from Control Units
A
- provides knowledge of results
- auditory: tone, voice input
- visual: display
14
Q
Controlling one device vs multiple devices
A
- for emergencies, useful to have just one button for one function - you aren’t freezing in the cold while you find the button to open the door
15
Q
Artificial Intelligence
A
- Amazon Echo/Dot
- – must have internet connection
- – speech recognition
- – no training required
- Home automation apps gaining popularity
- – control lights with iphone
- – use wifi or x-10
16
Q
Funding for EADLs
A
- medical insurance requires it to be a medical necessity
- MassHealth requires use of vendor for processing and purchase - no registered vendors in MA!
- VA, Fundraisers/Foundations
- Independent living programs
17
Q
Cognitive Aids for Daily Living
A
- PDAs/Ipods for workers with ASD
- for compensatory strategies
- mainstream tech can be useful and tailored to fit individual’s needs
- mainstream tech is lower cost and looks more normal
- Digital Divide: those with disabilities have less access to mainstream devices
18
Q
Definitions:
- Prosthesis
- Prosthetic
- Prosthetics
- Prosthetist
A
- noun, the artificial component/device replacing the missing limb
- adjective
- noun, the art and science of making and fitting replacements for missing limbs
- noun, allied health professional responsible for making and fitting the replacement limbs
19
Q
Components of a Prosthetic
A
- Socket
- Suspension
- Control Mechanism
20
Q
Socket
A
- the immediate connection between the residual limb and the prosthesis
- Interface: silicone, gel liners, flexible, acrylic, socks
- Socks: primary usage is socket volume management (put on extra socks or remove if limb swells)
- – accommodate limb maturation, variable limb volume
- – act as cushion barrier for comfort
21
Q
Suspension (part of prosthesis)
A
- how you get the limb to stay attached to you/not fall off
- anatomical/self-suspending
- harnessing
- suction
- pin/lock
22
Q
Control Mechanism for Prosthesis
A
- Passive/oppositional
- Body Powered
- Myoelectric
- Hybrid
23
Q
Passive/Oppositional Control Mechanism for Prosthesis
A
- Fingers
- passive function, light weight
- can be high def in appearance
- silicone restoration: digits back to original length
- Silicone fingers acts of oppositional post for the other fingers to grasp object (puts less strain on rest of hand)
- Limb protection: retains warmth to limb, cushioned absorber of impact on distal end and sensitive areas of skin, protect from callusing, reduce wear and tear of skin
- Increase confidence - cosmetic appearance
- Adjustable finger positioning - can bend finger for tasks (typing)
24
Q
Body Powered Control Mechanism for Prosthesis
A
- Hooks
- Harness around triceps and shoulders, a cable connects harness and hook
- moving the residual arm forward causes the cable to pull back, opening the hook, moving the arm close to the body again relaxes the cable, closing the hook
- requires strength and ROM
- can be heavy duty
25
Q
Myoelectric Control Mechanism for Prosthesis
A
- externally powered
- operated through EMG
- brain sends signals to muscles (even though the bone they used to pull is gone)
- measures the electrical activity of the muscles while at rist and during contraction
- electrical are sent to processor
- processor interprets signal
- prosthesis responds to signal
26
Q
Advantages and Disadvantages of Body Powered Prostheses
A
- Advantage: light weight, durable, direct kinesthetic feedback, reduced maintenance/cost
- Disadvantages: fatigue, limited pinch force, appearance, restriction of harness, atrophy of intrinsic muscles, limited options for higher amputations
27
Q
Advantages and Disadvantages of Myoelectric Prostheses
A
- Advantages
- – Increase functional ROM
- – Increased grip strength
- – Harness system reduced/eliminated
- – Minimal energy expenditure
- – Improves intrinsic musculature, circulation, health of limb
- Disadvantages:
- – Costly, heavy, increased maintenance, requires battery power, environmental susceptibility
28
Q
Hybrid Control Mechanism for Prostheses
A
- combo of systems
- lighter than full myoelectric system
- improved grip strength
- common set up: body powered elbow with myo terminal device
29
Q
Psychosocial Impact of Prostheses
A
- Motivation to participate in valued occupations
- provide appearance and function of missing limb to increase independence
- no single prosthetic system meets all needs –> need multiple prostheses
- Family support
30
Q
Voluntary opening vs closing for hooks
A
- does body powered movement open the hook or close it?
- Mech hands are also a thing, but they are bulky so they look nicer but dont work as well or serve as a memory aid for me
31
Q
Activity specific devices
A
- flippers for swimming
- picks for playing guitar
- these exist, but insurance prob doesn’t like them
32
Q
MORPH
A
- uses RFID tags to control switching grip patterns
- wave hand over sensors to change grip
- so you don’t need to use your R hand to position L hand, but you need to have the sensors or the box there
33
Q
Shoulder Amputees
A
- limited options
- can use myoelectric or hybrid
- can use passive arm, but would have limited function
- cannot use body powered if you don’t have an upper arm to move
34
Q
Pattern Recognition
A
- more natural operation for user
- creates new opportunities for individual finger control
- easy hand/wrist function
- simple calibration and setup
35
Q
M and X Fingers
A
Active Function - body powered artificial fingers –> pulley system –> use residual finger/knuckle part of hand –> when making a fist, the cable will pull on the distal part of the finger causing it to curl
- X uses a pulley just on residual finger
- M uses a pulley on the hand
36
Q
Single vs dual control
A
- single: one button opens and closes
- dual: one button opens and one closes
- – dual is better for myoelectric: one muscle for opening and one for closing
37
Q
Wrists: Quick Disconnect
A
- can easily take off one hand and put on another hand
- all hands attach to the same arm
