AIDS Flashcards
1
Q
what are stages of HIV infection?
A
- stage 1 = acute HIV infection
- stage 2 = clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy)
- stage 3 = AIDS (aquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
2
Q
indicator diseases of AIDS
A
- PJP
- pulmonary TB
- KS
- extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis
- HIV encephalopathy
- NHL
- CMV
- HSV
coccidiodomycosis - toxoplasmosis
- candidiasis
- non-typhoid salmonella bacteremia
3
Q
definition of AIDS
A
- CD4+ < 200 cells/mm3
- CD4+ < 14% of all lymphocytes
- 1 or more AIDS defining illness
4
Q
commonest reason for HIV-infected pts to be admitted to ICU
A
respiratory failure 2/2 PJP
5
Q
PJP PNA presentation
A
- prolonged prodromal illness
- fever
- dry cough
- pleuritic, retrosternal pain
6
Q
PJP PNA presentation in more advanced cases
A
- DOE
- lethargy
- weight loss
7
Q
cxr findings for PJP PNA
A
either normal or if severe than faint b/l interstitial infiltrates similar to ARDS
8
Q
definitive dx of PJP PNA
A
organism identified in one of the following
- induced sputum
- BAL
- transbronchial lung bx
- open lung biopsy
9
Q
lab value that can be elevated in PJP PNA
A
LDH
10
Q
complication of PJP PNA
A
PTX
11
Q
mortality of PJP a/w PTX
A
10%
12
Q
tx of PJP PNA
A
iv smx/tmp or pentamidine
13
Q
main problem w/ PJP tx
A
high incidience of adverse effects, > 50%
14
Q
adverse effects from smx/tmp
A
- nausea/vomiting
- diarrhea
- rashes
- glossitis
- erythema multiforme
- toxic epidermal necrosis
- pancreatitis
- blood dyscrasias
- pseudomembranous colitis
- jaundice
- hepatic necrosis
15
Q
adverse effects from pentamidine
A
- hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
- pancreatitis
- arrhythmias
- AKI
- hypocalcemia
- blood dyscrasias
- rashes
- bronchoconstriction
- orthostatic hypotension
