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health unit 4 > AIDS > Flashcards

AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of AIDS?

A
  1. Emergency/ Humanitarian AID
  2. Bilateral AID
    3.Multilateral AID
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2
Q

Purpose of Emergency/ Humanitarian AID

A

To provide rapid assistance to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after emergencies such as conflict and natural disasters.

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3
Q

Three characteristics of Emergency/ Humanitarian AID

A
  1. Short term assistance
  2. Rapidly deployed
  3. Addresses short term needs: Food, medicine, shelter, emergency/healthcare workers
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4
Q

Purpose of Bilateral Aid

A

aid provided from the goverment of one country to the goverment of another country

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5
Q

Three characteristics of Bilateral Aid

A
  1. A partnership between a high-income and a low-income country
  2. Can strengthen the relationship between two countries and provide benefits to each
  3. Can be a small or large scale project, depending on need
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6
Q

Purpose of Multilateral AID

A

Aid given by the governments of MANY countries that is collected and distributed to countries in need by an INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION.

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7
Q

What are two examples of Multilateral AID

A

The United Nations

The World Bank

World Health Organisation

Asian Development Bank

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8
Q

What are three characteristics of Multilateral AID

A
  1. Large scale projects such as control of disease through immunisation programs, and building roads
  2. Involves many organisations working together
  3. Focuses on sustainability by providing long-term assistance
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9
Q

What is NGOs?

A

Non- Goverment Organisation that are non-profit that work to promote health and wellbeing and human development. They operate separately from the goverment, however they receive funding mostly through the goverment and donations. They complement bilateral and multilateral aid.

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10
Q

What are three advantages of AID provided by NGO’s

A
  1. Can often access areas that other forms of aid is unable to reach
  2. Have a comprehensive knowledge of poverty and its causes at a local community level.
  3. Focuses on small community-based projects targeted to specific needs of a community
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11
Q

What is the purpose of The Australian AID program?

A

to promote Australia’s national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction, by focusing on two development outcomes:

  1. Strengthening private sector
  2. Enabling human development
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12
Q

Features of the Australian government’s aid program

A
  1. Promote our national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction
  2. Provision of Official Development Assistance (0.22% of GNI)
  3. Indo—Pacific region is the focus of Australia’s aid
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13
Q

Different partnership Australia has to deliver AID

A
  1. Multilateral organisations
  2. Bilateral organisations
  3. NGOs organisation
  4. Private Sector Partnership
  5. Other government departments.
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14
Q

The 6 Australian Government’s Aid priorities
- BAGIEE

A
  1. Building Resilience: Humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection
  2. Agriculture, fisheries and water
  3. Gender equality and empowering women and girls
  4. Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
  5. Education and health
  6. Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
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15
Q

Infrastructure, trade facilitation, and international competitiveness

A

Infrastructure: - Construction of schools and medical facilities
- Building water and sanitation systems

Trade Facilitation: - Identify barriers and develop solutions for international trade

International Competitiveness: - Develop expertise in global trade policy and practice

  • providing microfinance such as loans so individuals can start businesses.
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16
Q

Education & health

A

Healthier and more educated populations are able to work more.

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17
Q

Gender Equality and Empowering women and girls (3 Main Areas)

A
  1. Ending violence against women and girls
  2. Promoting women’s economic empowerment
  3. Enhancing women’s voice in decision making, leadership and peace building.
18
Q

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

A
  • Australia provides advice to governments to low and middle income countries on institutions such as health systems.
  • Supports countries to improve budgets and meet debts.
19
Q

Agriculture, Fisheries and Water

A
  • Promoting more efficient and sustainable use of natural resources
20
Q

Aim of World Vision

A

World Vision is an NGO that works with children, families and communities around the world to overcome poverty and injustice.

21
Q

What are the works that World Vision does to create change

A
  1. Community Development, Water and sanitation programs
  2. Humanitarian/ Emergency relief, Disaster readiness programs
  3. Tackling injustice through policy change, education and advocacy.
22
Q

Aim of Oxfam

A

The purpose of Oxfam is to help create lasting solutions to the injustice of poverty.

23
Q

Aim of Red Cross

A

‘improve the lives of vulnerable people in Australia and internationally by mobilising the power of humanity’

24
Q

Three things that Oxfam do

A
  1. Responding to emergencies
  2. Oxfam Australia shops: Sales of unique handicrafts from Swaziland, Peru, India and other countries support people who love with poverty and injustice.
25
Q

What are three reasons on why Australia provides AID?

A
  1. By helping countries eliminate poverty it may open trade opportunities for Australia, which is beneficial.
  2. Helping other countries eliminate poverty can help reduce the threat of global diseases that are more common in developing countries and can easily spread to Australia.
  3. Educating can help reduce the level of global conflict.
26
Q

4 Features of an effective aid

A
  1. Appropriateness
  2. Affordability
  3. Equity
  4. Ownership
27
Q

7 points about Appropriateness - Features of an effective aid

A

Are local community members involved in the project?

  • Helps to enhance the skills and capacity of those involved
  • When locals have ownership over a program it is more likely to be maintained over time

Are the outcomes of the project what the community desires?

  • Outcomes must have meaning and be important in order for them to continue to carry it out once outside assistance has been withdrawn

Is it culturally appropriate?

  • Cultural values and practices must be respected in order for the project to be accepted & supported by the local people

Are community members being educated?

  • Helps ensure longevity of a program
  • Ensures any issues that arise in the project in the future can be solved
  • Education women and girls can be beneficial, as it is women who complete much of the daily work in the community
28
Q

3 points about Affordability - Features of an effective aid

A

Features of an affordable program that can be maintained into the future:
1. Free or very little cost

  1. Financial input from a Government or non-Government sector
  2. Does the program allow people to work and earn an income therefore increase GNI and the countries ability to continue investing in the program?
29
Q

4 points about Equity - Features of an effective aid

A

Does the program involve women and girls?
1. Women and girls are more vulnerable than men, targeting them can lead to increased health outcomes

Is the program accessible to people living in all areas? 2. People in remote communities often have the greatest needs

  1. Programs should be based in locations where all people can access and experience the benefits

Is participation in the program being restricted by cost?

  1. Prevents low income groups from being denied access (often the most vulnerable)
30
Q

2 points about ownership - Features of an effective aid

A

Does the recipient country have ownership of the program?
Did they have a say in the type of aid? Does it meet their long terms needs?

Does the program meet their sociocultural and political views?

31
Q

Social Action

A

Social action is about doing something to help create positive change. Social action can be used to influence the decisions of those who have the power to make changes, or actions can be taken to directly address a problem and effect change.

32
Q

4 reasons why people take social action

A
  1. To help those who are less fortunate than themselves and those who do not have a voice
  2. To ensure that the needs of all people are represented
  3. To eliminate discrimination
  4. To prevent harm and damage to the community or environment.
33
Q

5 ways to take social action

A
  1. Volunteer
  2. Donate money to NGO
  3. Conduct fundraising events
  4. Sign petitions
  5. Develop awareness campaigns
  6. Purchase products that promote social change
  7. Lobby governments
  8. organise a boycott
  9. start a social enterprise society
34
Q

Why is social action important for progress in SDG?

A

Public pressure encourages governments to drive change

35
Q

Who Gives a Crap! plan

A

To sell environmentally friendly toilet paper to help address water and sanitation issue in the developing world

36
Q

How has Who Gives a Crap! raised awareness?

A

To generate awareness and raise the funds necessary to establish their enterprise, one of the creators sat on a toilet and refused to move until they had raised enough pre-orders to start production. Within 50 hours they had raised over $50 000.

37
Q

How is Who Gives a Crap! implemented

A

For every roll of toilet paper sold, they donate 50% of the profits to a NGOs working to deliver sanitation and hygiene projects on developing countries.

38
Q

Why does the Australia goverment provide funding for WHO

A
  • The WHO has a high level of expertise in relation to global health issues.
  • The WHO has the ability to work on large scale projects that would be too big for the Australian Government to undertake.
39
Q

Two advantages and disadvantages of Emergency/ Humanitarian AID

A

Advantages:
- Quick to implement and therefore quickly addresses problems.
- Helps people in immediate distress.

Disadvantages:
- Rarely addresses the SDG
- Not economically sustainable can not be continued in the future. No long term benefit.

40
Q

Two advantages and disadvantages of Bilateral AID

A

Advantages:
- is economically sustainable, will last into future generations (e.g developing infrastructure)

  • Provides investments for projects which receiving countries may not otherwise able to implement

Disadvantages:
- less aid is given, due to there being only one donor country.
- Aid may be given to benefit the donor country politically.

41
Q

Two advantages and disadvantages of Multilateral AID

A

Advantages:
- More aid is given due to more donors
- Is economically sustainable

Disadvantage:
- Can take a long time to implement
- Some of the money donated goes towards administration fees meaning not all of the funds actually reach the people in need.

health unit 4 (3 decks)

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