Aid

Question 1

What are problems with top down development strategies

Answer 1

County will likely go into debt from loans borrowed to fund the scheme and the loan will often have conditions attached leaving the country to be under external control of its economy of other development aspects

Question 2

What are bottom up development strategies

Answer 2

Projects that are planned and controlled by local communities to help their local periphery area. They are not expensive as they use smaller , more appropriate technology which the local people pay for because the project is more small scale less environmental damage occurs

Question 3

Problems with Bottom up

Answer 3

Slow paced

Question 4

Emergency aid

Answer 4

Given one off resources in response to an emergency or disaster can be either bottom up ot top down

Question 5

Appropriate aid

Answer 5

Providing skills and equipment that are suited to the basic conditions in the recovering country - bottom up

Question 6

Intermediate technology

Answer 6

Providing technology that is accessible to the skill level of the receiving country - bottom up it is sustainable and drastically increase skill set leading to more income and better standards of livings however it can create an uneven marketplace

Question 7

Multilateral

Answer 7

Government donates to international organisations such as the world bank and the UN who deliver the aid - top down

Question 8

Bilateral

Answer 8

Aid is directly given by one country to another , government to government - top down

Question 9

Official

Answer 9

Aid is provided by a government to its people - top down and meets people’s need , raises standard of living and is available to everyone who applies however is very slow and beaurocratic

Question 10

Voluntary

Answer 10

Aid provided by NGOs such as Oxfam its bottom up and is able to make a difference and transform and meet the needs of a small number of people but is small scale and will not drastically effect a whole country and often takes very long to start working

Question 11

What is aid

Answer 11

Help given by one country to another or by an organisation often in the form of money , goods and expertise

Question 12

What is the situation in Sierra Leone

Answer 12

176 out of 177 countries on HDI

Question 13

What is UNMEER

Answer 13

Top down - unmbrella organisation to coordinate the global response to Ebola. Created in September 2014 at the height of the Ebola epidemic

Question 14

What issues did they need to solve

Answer 14

Coordinate agencies to stop the spread of Ebola effectively. They worked closely with governments and national structures in the affected countries

Question 15

What was unmeers target and objectives

Answer 15

70-60-70 within 60 days 70% case isolation and treatment and 70% safe Butial target. There objectives were to 1. Interrupt all remaining chains of Ebola transmission

2. Respond to the consequences of residual risk
3. Work on health systems recovery

Question 16

What did UNMEER do to solve the gap economically

Answer 16

They employed people from Ebola affected areas to help increases enconomy

Question 17

What was case management

Answer 17

Treating those with the disease

Question 18

Social mobilisation and community engagement

Answer 18

Allowing people to understand how Ebola was contacted through short Films and plays and removing the stigma against those with Ebola or had Ebola.

Question 19

Case finding and contact teaching

Answer 19

Finding those with Ebola and tracing who they had been in contact with

Question 20

How were UNMEER successful

Answer 20

29th decrement WHO declared the end of the transmission epidemic , UNMEERS achieved it goal of setting up the response and establishing unity and purpose among responders in support of nationally led efforts as of 1st August 2015 UNMEER was disbanded

Question 21

What are Oxfam

Answer 21

Bottom up NGO who set up small scale development projects in Sierra Leone and provide emergency relief

Question 22

What issues are they trying to solve

Answer 22

Healthcare , santutaion , women’s rights and water

Question 23

How have Oxfam helped with water

Answer 23

50% of urban areas have water Oxfam has continued to work in kailahun konidagu and Freetown to provide long term water and sanitation accord they’ve constructed wells , 30 rain harvest tanks and set up21 water points befitting 5600 people to improve quality of people’s lives and close the development gap

Question 24

How have Oxfam helped healthcare

Answer 24

Decade of Civil war left Sierra Leone with poor healthcare , during the Ebola epidemic Oxfam trained women’s went door to door trying to change the behaviour of the stigma against Ebola . also been giving cash to support some of the most vulnerable and Helping women’s saving groups to restart their business to improve the economy and help recover from the Ebola epidemic

Question 25

How have Oxfam helped woman’s rights

Answer 25

Raised awareness of women’s property and literacy right and to advocate for woman’s greater participation in decision making and property ownership. 130 women leaders have been trained to run awareness raising activities and advocacy work at a community level

Question 26

Have Oxfam been successful

Answer 26

Number of children dying at one Freetown hospital halved. Directly benefited 200,000 people in 2010-3011 . Work in water and sanitation has contributed to the contintuation of the koinadugu joint action development forum where frank dialogue and synergy among water and sanitation stakeholders has increased . Their community engagement was recognised as a critical component of responding to Ebola

Question 27

What are top down development schemes

Answer 27

Usually very expensive , countries often have to borrow money from large organisations like the world bank or developed countries . Decisions will be made by government and any external groups involved . People affected by the scheme have little say in the process or influence in the project