Aid Flashcards
What are problems with top down development strategies
County will likely go into debt from loans borrowed to fund the scheme and the loan will often have conditions attached leaving the country to be under external control of its economy of other development aspects
What are bottom up development strategies
Projects that are planned and controlled by local communities to help their local periphery area. They are not expensive as they use smaller , more appropriate technology which the local people pay for because the project is more small scale less environmental damage occurs
Problems with Bottom up
Slow paced
Emergency aid
Given one off resources in response to an emergency or disaster can be either bottom up ot top down
Appropriate aid
Providing skills and equipment that are suited to the basic conditions in the recovering country - bottom up
Intermediate technology
Providing technology that is accessible to the skill level of the receiving country - bottom up it is sustainable and drastically increase skill set leading to more income and better standards of livings however it can create an uneven marketplace
Multilateral
Government donates to international organisations such as the world bank and the UN who deliver the aid - top down
Bilateral
Aid is directly given by one country to another , government to government - top down
Official
Aid is provided by a government to its people - top down and meets people’s need , raises standard of living and is available to everyone who applies however is very slow and beaurocratic
Voluntary
Aid provided by NGOs such as Oxfam its bottom up and is able to make a difference and transform and meet the needs of a small number of people but is small scale and will not drastically effect a whole country and often takes very long to start working
What is aid
Help given by one country to another or by an organisation often in the form of money , goods and expertise
What is the situation in Sierra Leone
176 out of 177 countries on HDI
What is UNMEER
Top down - unmbrella organisation to coordinate the global response to Ebola. Created in September 2014 at the height of the Ebola epidemic
What issues did they need to solve
Coordinate agencies to stop the spread of Ebola effectively. They worked closely with governments and national structures in the affected countries
What was unmeers target and objectives
70-60-70 within 60 days 70% case isolation and treatment and 70% safe Butial target. There objectives were to 1. Interrupt all remaining chains of Ebola transmission
- Respond to the consequences of residual risk
- Work on health systems recovery
What did UNMEER do to solve the gap economically
They employed people from Ebola affected areas to help increases enconomy
What was case management
Treating those with the disease
Social mobilisation and community engagement
Allowing people to understand how Ebola was contacted through short Films and plays and removing the stigma against those with Ebola or had Ebola.
Case finding and contact teaching
Finding those with Ebola and tracing who they had been in contact with
How were UNMEER successful
29th decrement WHO declared the end of the transmission epidemic , UNMEERS achieved it goal of setting up the response and establishing unity and purpose among responders in support of nationally led efforts as of 1st August 2015 UNMEER was disbanded
What are Oxfam
Bottom up NGO who set up small scale development projects in Sierra Leone and provide emergency relief
What issues are they trying to solve
Healthcare , santutaion , women’s rights and water
How have Oxfam helped with water
50% of urban areas have water Oxfam has continued to work in kailahun konidagu and Freetown to provide long term water and sanitation accord they’ve constructed wells , 30 rain harvest tanks and set up21 water points befitting 5600 people to improve quality of people’s lives and close the development gap
How have Oxfam helped healthcare
Decade of Civil war left Sierra Leone with poor healthcare , during the Ebola epidemic Oxfam trained women’s went door to door trying to change the behaviour of the stigma against Ebola . also been giving cash to support some of the most vulnerable and Helping women’s saving groups to restart their business to improve the economy and help recover from the Ebola epidemic
How have Oxfam helped woman’s rights
Raised awareness of women’s property and literacy right and to advocate for woman’s greater participation in decision making and property ownership. 130 women leaders have been trained to run awareness raising activities and advocacy work at a community level
Have Oxfam been successful
Number of children dying at one Freetown hospital halved. Directly benefited 200,000 people in 2010-3011 . Work in water and sanitation has contributed to the contintuation of the koinadugu joint action development forum where frank dialogue and synergy among water and sanitation stakeholders has increased . Their community engagement was recognised as a critical component of responding to Ebola
What are top down development schemes
Usually very expensive , countries often have to borrow money from large organisations like the world bank or developed countries . Decisions will be made by government and any external groups involved . People affected by the scheme have little say in the process or influence in the project
