Aid

Question 1

Humanitarian aid

Answer 1

Provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises and natural disasters.

Question 2

Bilateral aid

Answer 2

Aid given from one government directly to another.

Question 3

Multilateral aid

Answer 3

• International organisations providing aid to LLEDC and LEDC countries.
• Includes the world band and the international monetary funds.

Question 4

Summarise the debt crisis

Answer 4

• Originates in the 1970s when banks in the rich world lent money to third world governments.
• Rich countries started giving money to poor countries due to modernisation theory.
• This serves capitalist interests in the short term; poor countries invested in infrastructure and became more stable capitalist. (However money was often wasted)
• An economic crash in the 1970s/80s meant that rich countries couldn’t afford good such as oils.

Question 5

George (1991)

Answer 5

• The six boomerangs
• Environment
• Unemployment
• Drugs
• Migration
• Taxes
• War

Question 6

Benefits of Irish aid in Ethiopia

Answer 6

• Supported new technology and research.
• Supported the rainfall with wells, farmers to develop crop variants and teaches farmers new skills.
• Since operational research began harvests more than doubles and farmers were producing in surplus.
• Transformed over 6000 farming families/

Question 7

What alternatives to traditional aid are there?

Answer 7

In response to corruption, there are websites like kiva where you invest in small businesses with the chance of a return means that the aid is received directly by those in need.

Question 8

Modernisation argument

Answer 8

The rich could provide aid (in the form of capital, enterprise and technology) as a helping hand to those who were behind on the road to prosperity and mass consumption.

Question 9

Paul Collier (2007)

Answer 9

• Estimates, over the past 30 years, aid has added 1% annual growth rate of countries of the ‘bottom billion’.
• Aid may not have led to development but it has stopped the situation getting worse.

Question 10

Challenges to Bauer

Answer 10

• It’s the chance that leads to an individual being born into a thirld world country as opposed to the North.
• A person born into poverty in Africa doesn’t have the same life chances as someone born into the North.
• It can be argues on the grounds of ethical justice that giving aid is a moral imperative.
• If aid helps improving life chances, it’s worth it.

Question 11

Dambisa Moyo

Answer 11

• Dead aid
• In 1970, 10% of Africa was in poverty, now it’s around 80%; aid doesn’t work.
• Moyo wants western countries to end aid and instead encourage marketisation.
• In order to develop you need a right wing capitalist approach.
• Dictators such as Mugabe are just wasting money.
• ‘Aid makes good governments bad and bad governments worse’

Question 12

Samura (2008)

Answer 12

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Question 13

Uganda

Answer 13

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Question 14

Neoliberal argument

Answer 14

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Question 15

Peter Bauer (1995)

Answer 15

• ## Third world countries are responsible for their own poverty.

Question 16

Neo Marxist argument

Answer 16

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Question 17

Hayter

Answer 17

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Question 18

Social democratic argument

Answer 18

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