AICE Unit 2.1 Flashcards
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
a treaty between Russia and Germany that allowed Russia to leave WWI early; very harsh on Russia with lots of territorial losses
Fourteen Points
American President Woodrow Wilson’s outline for ending WWI and creating peace for the future; would have been much more lenient on Germany
Weimar Republic
the democratic government created in Germany after WWI; very weak
Paris Peace Conference
the international meeting held to resolve WWI and create peace treaties
Woodrow Wilson
the American president who attended the Paris Peace Conference
David Lloyd George
the British representative at the Paris Peace Conference
Georges Clemenceau
the French representative at the Paris Peace Conference
Vittorio Orlando
the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference
internationalism
a foreign policy of involvement in foreign affairs
isolationism
a foreign policy of non-involvement in foreign affairs
Treaty of Versailles
the peace treaty signed by Germany at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory, were forced to demilitarize, had to accept full blame for WWI, and had to pay reparations
reparations
payment for wartime damages
demilitarization
a reduction in the size or cost of a country’s armed forces
War Guilt Clause
a portion of the Treaty of Versailles in which Germany had to accept full blame for WWI
Treaty of Saint-Germain
the peace treaty signed by Austria at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory and had to pay reparations
Treaty of Neuilly
the peace treaty signed by Bulgaria at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory and had to pay reparations
Treaty of Sevres
the peace treaty signed by Turkey at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory and had to pay reparations
Treaty of Trianon
the peace treaty signed by Hungary at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory and had to pay reparations
self-determination
the idea that individual nationalities should have their own country and government that gets to make all of its own decisions
Bolsheviks
the political party in Russia that led the communist revolution; led by Lenin
successor state
states created after WWI from the break-up of the losing powers; largely unsuccessful economically; mostly fell to dictatorships
Benito Mussolini
fascist dictator of Italy
hyperinflation
an economic problem in which money is losing value and prices are skyrocketing
Ruhr Crisis
France invaded Germany in 1922 after Germany was unable to pay its reparations
Corfu Incident
Italy invaded Greece after demanding reparations for the death of several Italian citizens
Washington Naval Conference
an international meeting held in 1921 in order to manage the rising tensions in the Far East
Five Power Treaty
an agreement signed at the Washington Naval Conference in which countries agreed to limit the tonnage of warships that they could build
Four Power Treaty
an agreement signed at the Washington Naval Conference that ended the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in favor of a more inclusive, equitable agreement that included other nations
Nine Power Treaty
an agreement signed at the Washington Naval Conference that upheld the Open Door Policy
Genoa Conference
an international meeting held to handle Germany’s inability to pay its reparations and other economic problems in Europe; France refused to compromise and nothing was accomplished
Rapallo Pact
an alliance signed in 1922 between the Soviet Union and Germany
Treaty of Lausanne
a treaty signed in 1923 to end a conflict in Turkey and give it official independence; replaced the Treaty of Sevres and undermined the Paris Peace Settlement
industrial infrastructure
all of the structures and materials needed for an industrial economy (factories, railroads, raw materials, etc.)
fascism
a far-right political ideology characterized by intense nationalism, militarism, and racism; often associated with dictatorships
communism
a far-left ideology characterized by collective ownership of the economy and no social divisions whatsoever; often associated with dictatorships
armaments
military weapons and equipment
inflation
a general increase in prices and devaluing of money
multinationalism
a country contains many different nationalities and ethnicities
propaganda
biased media designed to make its audience feel or think a certain way
Bela Kun
a Hungarian communist dictator who led the Red Terror in the 1920s
Josef Pilsudski
a Polish dictator in the 1920s
King Alexander I
a Yugoslavian dictatorship in the 1920s
Mustafa Kemal
leader of the Turkish nationalists who created an independent Turkey
Vladimir Lenin
leader of the Russian Bolshevik party; led the communist revolution in Russia
Red Terror
the violent pro-communist period in Hungary led by Bula Kun in which anti-communists were targeted
White Terror
the anti-communist counter-reaction in Hungary that targeted supporters of Bela Kun
Comintern
an international alliance of communist nations led by the Soviet Union and encouraging worldwide communist revolution
