AICE Unit 1.1 Flashcards
Scramble for Africa
The flurry of colonization in Africa led by European powers
Berlin Conference
the meeting held in 1884 that instigated the Scramble for Africa and set rules for European colonization
Cecil Rhodes
a British politician who wanted to expand British imperialism in South Africa as governor and wanted to install a telegraph connecting all British colonies in Africa
Boer Wars
two sets of conflicts beginning in 1899 in which Dutch farmers fought the British for control of territory in South Africa
Fashoda Crisis
an incident in which Britain and France almost went to war over a village in Sudan, but were able to avoid conflict through compromise
nationalism
a very strong feeling or pride in or devotion to one’s country that may lead to violence and hate
Social Darwinism
the belief that certain groups of people are inherently superior than others and therefore deserve to have political, economic, and social power
mercantilism
an economic theory that states there is a finite amount of wealth in the world; encourages countries to increase trade and exports in order to secure their share of that wealth
industrialization
the development of industries in a country on wide scale
David Livingstone
a Scottish missionary who traveled into the center of Africa to promote Christianity and lived; proved to Western Europeans that Africa’s interior was up for grabs
Morocco Crises
Germany tried to get Morocco to overthrow French control, but fails; increased Franco-German tensions
Open Door Policy
a trade policy created by the US in 1899 in which all nations agree to share equal trading rights in China to avoid conflict
sphere of influence
a region of foreign control inside a country in which another nation manages trade and other economic activities
Opium Wars
conflict in the mid-1800s between Britain and China over whether or not China could dictate the terms of their trading relationship
Port Arthur
a natural harbor in Korea that was highly desirable to both Japan and Russia
Boxer Rebellion
an 1899 rebellion in China led by a group of Chinese nationalists who were unhappy with the level of foreign interference in their country
imperialism
a policy in which larger, more powerful countries exert control over smaller, weaker countries
raw materials
natural resources used in manufacturing and industrialization
New Imperialism
a term for a second period of expansion that focused on the conquest of territories in Asia and Africa, rather than the Americas
telegraph
a technology developed to facilitate long-distance communication over an electric wire
civilizing mission
the idea that it was the duty of Europeans to help indigenous people end their “barbaric” traditions and cultures
Leopold II
the king who led Belgium’s ruthless conquest and exploitation of the Congo
Wilhelm II
the leader of Germany who encouraged imperialism
Paul Kruger
president of the Transvaal; head of the Boer resistance during the Boer Wars
