AI - Nitrogen Chemistry

Question 1

What periodic group is Nitrogen in?

Answer 1

Group 5

Question 2

Describe the bonding and lone pairs in Ammonia

Answer 2

3 covalent bonds between Nitrogen and hydrogen and a lone pair of electronsq

Question 3

Describe the bonding and lone pairs in Ammonium ions

Answer 3

3 covalent bonds between Nitrogen and Hydrogen and a dative covalent bond from the Nitrogen to a 4th Hydrogen

Question 4

Explain how Ammonia can act as a ligand

Answer 4

Its lone electron pair can form dative covalent bonds, allowing it to form complex ions with transition metal ions

Question 5

Give the formula, systematic name and colour of 3 different oxides of nitrogen and any other names associated with them

Answer 5

1) NO - Nitrogen (II) oxide, (Nitrogen monoxide, Nitric oxide) - Colourless gas
2) N₂O - Nitrogen (I) oxide, (Dinitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide) - Sweet smelling, colourless gas
3) NO₂ - Nitrogen (IV) oxide, (Nitrogen dioxide) - Brown gas with a sharp odour and toxic

Question 6

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in the air and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 6

N₂ (g)
0
Denitrifying bacteria

Question 7

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Ammonium ions in the soil and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 7

NH₄⁺
-3
Bacteria and micro-organisms in the soil

Question 8

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Nitrate (V) ions in the soil and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 8

NO₃⁻
+5
Nitrifying bacteria in the soil & bacteria in root nodules

Question 9

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Nitrate (III) ions in the soil and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 9

NO₂⁻
+3
Nitrifying bacteria in the soil & bacteria in root nodules

Question 10

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Nitrogen (II) oxide and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 10

NO
+2
Thunderstorms, car engines, denitrifying bacteria in soil

Question 11

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Nitrogen (IV) and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 11

NO₂
+4
Oxidation of NO in atmoshpere

Question 12

What is the formula and oxidation state of nitrogen in Nitrogen (I) oxide and what produces this form of nitrogen?

Answer 12

N₂O
+1
Denitrifying bacteria in the soil

Question 13

What processes converts Nitrogen gas in the air into nitrogen oxides

Answer 13

Lightning and burning fossil fuels

Question 14

What processes convert Nitrogen gas in the air into Ammonia (NH₃)

Answer 14

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the Haber process

Question 15

Give the process in which Ammonium ions enter the soil due to animals

Answer 15

Excretion, death and decay

Question 16

Give the processes of the conversion of Ammonium ions to Nitrate (V) ions

Answer 16

NH₄⁺ is converted to NO₂⁻ which in turn is converted to NO₃⁻ by denitrification

Question 17

Give the process in which Nitrate (V) ion is converted to Nitrogen gas in the air

Answer 17

Denitrification