ai chem Flashcards
What is the atomic number of Carbon?
6
True or False: An element’s atomic mass is the average mass of all its isotopes.
True
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for water is ____.
H2O
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
7
What is the name of the process in which a solid changes directly to a gas?
Sublimation
Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
Hydrogen
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Covalent bond
True or False: Ionic compounds conduct electricity in solid form.
False
What is the molar mass of NaCl?
58.44 g/mol
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine
What is the main product of the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water
Fill in the blank: The law of conservation of mass states that mass is ____ in a chemical reaction.
neither created nor destroyed
What is the term for the amount of substance in moles present in a given volume of solution?
Concentration
Which type of reaction involves the exchange of ions between two compounds?
Double displacement reaction
True or False: An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings.
True
What is the term for the energy required to break a bond in a molecule?
Bond energy
Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for gold is ____.
Au
What is the main difference between physical and chemical changes?
Physical changes do not alter the substance’s chemical structure.
What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight?
Photosynthesis
What is the formula for calculating the number of moles?
Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
Which law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure?
Charles’s Law
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 1 is ____.
Hydrogen
What is the name of the negatively charged ion?
Anion
True or False: Metals are generally good conductors of electricity.
True
What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt?
Neutralization reaction
What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?
Catalyst
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022 x 10^23
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for table salt is ____.
NaCl
What does the term ‘oxidation’ refer to in a chemical reaction?
Loss of electrons
What is the primary gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere?
Nitrogen
True or False: A catalyst is consumed in a chemical reaction.
False
What is the term for the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius?
Specific heat capacity
What is the main function of a buffer solution?
To maintain a stable pH
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for ammonia is ____.
NH3
What is the term for the process of a liquid turning into a gas?
Vaporization
What is the primary component of natural gas?
Methane
True or False: All alkali metals react vigorously with water.
True
What is the name of the group of elements that are characterized by their lack of reactivity?
Noble gases
What is the name of the bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating density is ____.
Density = mass/volume
What is the term for the energy change that occurs when a chemical bond is formed or broken?
Enthalpy change
Which type of radiation has the highest energy?
Gamma radiation
True or False: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
True
What is the term for a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?
Homogeneous mixture
What is the primary product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
Carbon dioxide
Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating pressure is ____.
Pressure = force/area
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?
Melting point
What is the main purpose of titration in chemistry?
To determine the concentration of a solution
True or False: The atomic mass unit (amu) is used to express atomic and molecular weights.
True
What is the name of the process by which a liquid turns into a solid?
Freezing
What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
Atomic number
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is ____.
H2SO4
Which type of reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler products?
Decomposition reaction
True or False: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
True
What is the primary factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
Concentration of reactants
What is the term for the process of a gas turning into a liquid?
Condensation
Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for potassium is ____.
K
What is the name of the phenomenon where molecules of a substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
True or False: All chemical reactions are reversible.
False
What is the term for the energy stored in chemical bonds?
Chemical potential energy
What is the primary purpose of a chromatography technique?
To separate mixtures
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for ethanol is ____.
C2H5OH
What is the term for a solution that has a pH less than 7?
Acidic solution
True or False: All metals are malleable.
False
What is the term for the temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid?
Condensation point
What is the name of the process used to produce hydrogen gas from water?
Electrolysis
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is ____.
CaCO3
What is the term for the process of adding electrons to an atom or molecule?
Reduction
True or False: The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.
False
What is the term for a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed?
Catalyst
Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for iron is ____.
Fe
What is the term for the measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons?
Electronegativity
