Ahmet

Question 1

what is gneiss

Answer 1

a medium grained crystalline rock with rough banding due to layers rich in different minerals

Question 2

how has marram grass adapted to the harsh conditions by the coast?

Answer 2

It has leaves that can fold to reduce surface area. It also has long roots to tap underground water supplies

Question 3

what are grey dunes?

Answer 3

dunes that are sheltered from prevailing winds and the dunes hold more moisture

Question 4

What is a dune slack?

Answer 4

a low-lying area between sand dunes, often found in coastal dune systems. These areas are typically damp or waterlogged because they are close to the water table, and they often support unique plant and animal species adapted to wet conditions.

Question 5

what are Halophytes?

Answer 5

Plants that can tolerate saline conditions

Question 6

what is lithology

Answer 6

the physical characteristics of a rock

Question 7

An example of geological structure in the UK

Answer 7

Lulworth coast area in Dorset - a layer of resistant limestone protects softer clays and sands behind it.

Question 8

what is a cuspate foreland?

Answer 8

a triangular shaped headland that extends out from the main coastline

Question 9

how does a cuspate foreland form?

Answer 9

sediment is deposited at the point where the two meet, which forms a natural triangular shape as it builds up. as vegetation begins to grow on the deposited sediment, it helps to stabilise the land form and protect it from storms that could erode it

Question 10

how is an offshore bar formed?

Answer 10

when sediment is transported on/off the beach and constructive waves transport material from the offshore bar to the beach

Question 11

what does geomorphic mean?

Answer 11

the formation and shaping of landforms and landscapes by natural processes such as weathering, mass movement, transportation and erosion

Question 12

what is weathering?

Answer 12

the breaking down of rock in situ

Question 13

3 examples of physical weathering?

Answer 13

freeze-thaw weathering,

salt crystal growth (when salt water moves into the pores and crystals grow and cause pressure),

hydration (the repeated wetting/drying of rock will affect its minerals)

Question 14

2 examples of chemical weathering

Answer 14

carbonation (affects limestone and chalk coastlines),

hydrolysis (a mineral within a rock reacts with water and produces a new substance)

Question 15

biological weathering example

Answer 15

root action and burrowing animals

Question 16

subaerial process case studies

Answer 16

white cliffs of Dover - subject to regular rockfalls which are common along chalk cliffs

Dorset coastline - on the 13th of April 2021, the largest cliff failure in 60 years saw 4,000 tonnes of rock slump down onto the beach

Question 17

2 extremes of beach profiles

Answer 17

wide + flat, narrow + deep

Question 18

what is swell

Answer 18

distant storms that travel large distances

Question 19

the energy acquired by waves depends on 3 factors…

Answer 19

wind velocity, the period of time during which the wind has blown and the length of the fetch

Question 20

what does geomorphic relate to?

Answer 20

the formation + shaping of landforms + landscapes by natural processes

Question 21

how do tides impact shore platforms?

Answer 21

they influence their angle of slope

Question 22

3 reasons why sediment cells stop/start?

Answer 22

change in direction of land, river/estuary, change in relief/height of land

Question 23

what are sinks

Answer 23

places where the dominant process is deposition

Question 24

what is a cuspate foreland?

Answer 24

triangular shaped headland that extends out from the main coastline

Question 25

what is a tombolo?

Answer 25

a beach that has formed between a small island and the mainland

Question 26

what is hydrolysis

Answer 26

minerals in a rock react with water

Question 27

what is the sediment cell concept

Answer 27

a system by which sediment is sourced, transported and deposited within a part of the coast. each system is separated by nature features such as rivers/estuaries, changes in the direction of the coastline or the topography of the land

Question 28

what is oxidation?

Answer 28

when oxygen in the air or water reacts with minerals in rock, particularly those that contain iron

Question 29

Happisborough case study

Answer 29

has layers of silt, clay and sand wich are extremely fragile, due to the long fethc over the North Sea, powerful destructive waves are created which boosts erosion.

Question 30

Lyme Regis case study

Answer 30

gateway to the jurassic coast, geology alternates between limestone and shale

Question 31

what is isostatic change?

Answer 31

a local rise/ fall in land level, relative to the sea level

Question 32

what is eusostatic change?

Answer 32

a rise/ fall in water level cause by a change in the volume of water

Question 33

what is a submergent coastline

Answer 33

when the sea level rises and it floods valleys and rivers

Question 34

what is the Dalmatian coast?

Answer 34

Made up of offshore islands and coastal inlets running parallel to the coastline

Question 35

What is a Haff coast?

Answer 35

Long sediment ridges topped by sand dunes that run parallel to the coast. You can see lagoons which are created between the ridge and the shore.

Question 36

what are deformed strata

Answer 36

The degree to which rock units have been tilted or folded by tectonic activity

Question 37

what is faulting?

Answer 37

The presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions