Ahmet

Question 1

what is gneiss

Answer 1

a medium grained crystalline rock with rough banding due to layers rich in different minerals

Question 2

how has marram grass adapted to the harsh conditions by the coast?

Answer 2

It has leaves that can fold to reduce surface area. It also has long roots to tap underground water supplies

Question 3

what are grey dunes?

Answer 3

dunes that are sheltered from prevailing winds and the dunes hold more moisture

Question 4

What is a dune slack?

Answer 4

a low-lying area between sand dunes, often found in coastal dune systems. These areas are typically damp or waterlogged because they are close to the water table, and they often support unique plant and animal species adapted to wet conditions.

Question 5

what are Halophytes?

Answer 5

Plants that can tolerate saline conditions

Question 6

what is lithology

Answer 6

the physical characteristics of a rock

Question 7

An example of geological structure in the UK

Answer 7

Lulworth coast area in Dorset - a layer of resistant limestone protects softer clays and sands behind it.

Question 8

what is a cuspate foreland?

Answer 8

a triangular shaped headland that extends out from the main coastline

Question 9

how does a cuspate foreland form?

Answer 9

sediment is deposited at the point where the two meet, which forms a natural triangular shape as it builds up. as vegetation begins to grow on the deposited sediment, it helps to stabilise the land form and protect it from storms that could erode it

Question 10

how is an offshore bar formed?

Answer 10

when sediment is transported on/off the beach and constructive waves transport material from the offshore bar to the beach

Question 11

what does geomorphic mean?

Answer 11

the formation and shaping of landforms and landscapes by natural processes such as weathering, mass movement, transportation and erosion

Question 12

what is weathering?

Answer 12

the breaking down of rock in situ

Question 13

3 examples of physical weathering?

Answer 13

freeze-thaw weathering,

salt crystal growth (when salt water moves into the pores and crystals grow and cause pressure),

hydration (the repeated wetting/drying of rock will affect its minerals)

Question 14

2 examples of chemical weathering

Answer 14

carbonation (affects limestone and chalk coastlines),

hydrolysis (a mineral within a rock reacts with water and produces a new substance)

Question 15

biological weathering example

Answer 15

root action and burrowing animals

Question 16

subaerial process case studies

Answer 16

white cliffs of Dover - subject to regular rockfalls which are common along chalk cliffs

Dorset coastline - on the 13th of April 2021, the largest cliff failure in 60 years saw 4,000 tonnes of rock slump down onto the beach