ahah Flashcards
St. Jerome
Vulgate, The version of the bible translated from Hebrew and Greek into Latin
St. Athanasius
Arianism - Council of Nicaea
Arianism: God was superior to Jesus, and Jesus was made by God.
Council of Nicaea was called in by Constantinople, the council combated Aranism.
Arius was the starter of this heresy saying that God has always been around and Jesus was just something God created. Jesus just follows God’s commands
St. Anthony of Egypt
Created monasticism
Went to a cave to hang out and pray to god and physical thought. The cave was his home and he had many visitors, Acaetism, which is living a simple life.
Started to institute the rules of monasticism, considered the father.
Monasteries
Growing own food
Making clothing, blankets
Giving things they made back to the community. Helping all the people.
Pray above all.
When you pray, you acknowledge or focus on a relationship with you that is good. Relational existence + power being.
St. Benedict
Different rules and people make it universal for everyone
Benedictine rule (all monasteries follow it)
Poverty
Obedience
Chastity
(Saint Loyola) added loyalty to the pope. Swear loyalty.
At all times, pray
Pope Leo III
Reinforced the alliance between the Frankish monarchy and the papacy and laid the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire.
Crowned Charlemagne
Taught against heresys
Pope Gregory
Campaigned against clerical celibacy, simony (buying or selling something spiritual such as a grace, a Sacrament, or a relic), and lay investiture
Railed against lay investiture and stated that only the pope could appoint clerical positions
St. Francis/St. Clare
Mendicant orders (Wore brown with a rope used almost as a belt)
- Gave up possessions to become poor and help the poor
- They focus on living simply, spreading the teachings of Jesus, and serving others.
god told him to build his church
St. Thomas Aquinas
Scholasticism/books written (Wore black with white cassock)
Scholasticism involves careful study and debate of religious texts, like the Bible, and the works of ancient philosophers, especially Aristotle. Scholars would ask questions, gather arguments, and find logical answers. This method was often used in universities and helped develop critical thinking skills.
Called for spiritual reform
Fought Albigensian heresy
called for crusade
His approach to reason and faith influenced Western thought by showing how philosophical principles could be integrated into Christian doctrine.
St. Catherine of Siena
She condemned the greed, materialism, and pride of the papal court and urged Gregory XI to return to Rome to serve as a shepherd to his flock.
Thus helping to resolve the Western Schism.
Catherine had a deep respect for the papacy and wanted the men occupying the office to be worthy of the not calling.
Her diplomatic efforts and mystical writings have made her a key figure in Church history, emphasizing the role of spiritual and temporal authority in church governance.
Council of Nicaea
Decides that Jesus and God are one; they are equal.
Nicene Creed: The Nicene Creed is a profession of faith during Catholic Mass and is something we recite after the homily or in response to the proclamation of God’s Word.
Fall of Rome
The Roman army faced difficulties, including a lack of training, loyalty issues, and invasions by barbarian tribes.
Diseases and lack of food
The rise of monasticism, where individuals withdrew from society to live in religious communities, led to a loss of manpower for the empire. Many capable individuals chose a life of seclusion and prayer rather than civic duty.
Church was corrupt, many members of clergy had many wives + party so people did not know who to look up to.
Church response to fall of rome
Education to clergy and common people
No Shelter; monks will take you in
Provided hierarchy, something to look to for guidance
Monks were feeding the poor
Roman nobility did not know what to do with money, so they donated to the church and used the money to help people.
Muslim conquest
Monasteries preserved knowledge through the Middle Ages and were centers of education and charitable work.
Adapted to new political realities, focusing on missionary activities and theological engagement with Islamic scholars.
Eastern Schism
Western Schism
Problems with popes
The council elected two popes, but they were making people lose faith in the Catholic Church. Sent to Avignon
The council then elected another pope
Heresy of Donatism
MADE PEOPLE LOSE FAITH IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Crusades
When people went around the world to fight, they discovered new things and inventions about other countries and brought it back.
Bad things: Many innocent deaths, indulgences (paying for forgiveness for your sins), killing of Jewish and other religions. Children’s Crusade: thousands of children in Italy were killed or sold into slavery after being sent to fight in the Crusades (1212)
fourth cruade
Bad things
The sack of Constantinople (rich in resources/ valuable)
Their people destroyed and burned
No military achievement - did not regain the Holy Land
Christians were not allowed in the Holy Land for a while, and some parts are still restricted
Results of crusades
Christian goal was to win back the Holy Lans (failed/waste of time)
Craftsmanship advanced (positive)
Renaissance - new methods of life - algebra, astrology - rekindling interest in academia that had been forgotten by the Church - RELEARNING - Eastern mysticism
Papal vs. Spanish Inquisition - ompare/contrast - what is the difference between the two?
Spanish Inquisition was bad. 15th century (under the authority of kings)
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus.
Stamp out any possible opposition to their leadership.
Determined to make Spain a Catholic country, went after Jews and Muslims.
Papal was better (a little)
Educated people on occasion
The idea was to get rid of bad people
Albigensian heresy
The Albigensian heresy was a religious belief in medieval France that taught there were two gods, one good and one evil, which led the Catholic Church to launch a crusade to stop it.
