Agricuture

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer’s family or for sale off the farm

Question 2

Biotechnology

Answer 2

A precise science that involves altering the genetic strands of agricultural products to increase productivity, biotechnology is developed mainly in science laboratories and is then tested on farm fields around the world, where it has been, for the most part, extremely successful

Question 3

Commercial Farming

Answer 3

The farming of products for sale off the farm, commercial farming is usually a big business in developed countries and requires the use of heavy machinery

Question 4

Continentality

Answer 4

Describes the fact that an area’s proximity to a body of water affects it temperature (e.g., because oceans have a moderating influence on temperature, areas near oceans experience less extreme temperature variation)

Question 5

Creative Destruction

Answer 5

Removing what nature originally produced in a location to grow what is desired

Question 6

Crop Rotation

Answer 6

The planting of different crops each year to replenish the soil’s nutrients that were lost to the previous crop

Question 7

Double-Cropping

Answer 7

The growing of two crops per year to double agricultural output

Question 8

Environmental Modification

Answer 8

The introduction of manmade chemicals and practices that, at times, have drastic effects of native soil and vegetation

Question 9

Farm Crisis

Answer 9

Occurs when farmers are too productive, causing a surplus of crops and, therefore, lowering prices and producing less revenue for the farmers

Question 10

Feedlots

Answer 10

Farms that specialize in cattle or hogs and may have thousands of head of livestock, feedlots can create large amounts of waste runoff, air pollution, and groundwater contamination

Question 11

First Agricultural Revolution

Answer 11

The slow change from nonagriculturally-based societies to more agriculturally-based ones through the gradual understanding of seeds, watering, and plant care

Question 12

Food Chain

Answer 12

After harvesting, commercial grain is sent to the market area, usually in semitrailers, where it is sold to a manufacturer who makes a product with the grain, such as bread. The product is then sold to a wholesaler, who sells it to a grocery store, where individual customers can purchase it

Question 13

Grain Farming

Answer 13

The mass planting and harvesting of grain crops, such as wheat barley, and miller

Question 14

Intertillage

Answer 14

The manual clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, and other manual equipment

Question 15

Long Lots

Answer 15

A system of farming where lots up to a half mile or more extend back from a river, which farmers use as their primary means of hauling their agricultural products to the market

Question 16

Mixed Livestock with Crop Production

Answer 16

A type of farming where cows raised on a farm are fed with crops that are grown on the same farm

Question 17

Planned Economy (Government-Controlled Economy)

Answer 17

An economy in which the government dictates the quantity and type of agricultural products that farmers can produce

Question 18

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 18

Often occurring in less developed countries, plantation agriculture involves the cultivation of one crop to be sold in more developed countries (e.g., coffee plantations in Costa Rica)

Question 19

Primary Economic Activities

Answer 19

Subsistence farming based on little mechanization. This is currently performed by aboriginal tribes in Australia

Question 20

Quartiary Economic Industries

Answer 20

Activities that produce nothing one can physically touch but are important in societies (e.g., selling Internet time or providing satellite technologies, such as cell phone usage)

Question 21

Quinary Sectors

Answer 21

Usually involving only about 10-15 percent of the workforce in an economy, these sectors employ the people who make decisions concerning the trade of commodities at the governmental and business executive levels

Question 22

Sauer, Carl

Answer 22

Professor of geography at the University of California- Berkeley who started the field of cultural ecology, and began the hearths of seed agriculture and vegetative planting, Carl Sauer was one of the most vehement critics of the philosophy of environmental determinism. Instead, he believed that humans had power over their environments and weren’t simply a product of them

Question 23

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 23

Coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the Second Agricultural Revolution used the increased technology from the Industrial Revolution as a means to increase farm productivity. This revolution started exponential population increase

Question 24

Secondary Economic Activities

Answer 24

Industrial activities in which factories take raw materials, such as natural resources, and produce some type of product for either trade or sale. Many people in the United States are still employed in secondary economic activities

Question 25

Seed Agriculture

Answer 25

The taking of seeds from existing plants and planting them to produce new plants

Question 26

Shifting Cultivation

Answer 26

The moving of farm fields after several years in search of more productive soil after depleting the nutrients in the original field

Question 27

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

Answer 27

The process of burning the physical landscape for both added space and additional nutrients put in the soil

Question 28

Subsistence Farmers

Answer 28

Producing the food that their families need to survive, subsistence farmers depend solely on the crops that they grow and the animal products they raise for their daily sustenance

Question 29

Suitcase Farms

Answer 29

These farms, where no one resides permanently and migrant workers provide the majority of manual labor cheaply, go against the grain of traditional farming in the United States

Question 30

Tertiary Economic Industries

Answer 30

Service activities in which an increasing number of people are involved in selling goods rather than producing them

Question 31

Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)

Answer 31

This transformation began in the latter half of the 20th century and corresponded with the exponential population growth around the world.

Question 32

von Thunen, Johann Heinrich

Answer 32

Developed an agricultural land use model that suggested that certain crops were grown in direct relation to their distance to market