Agriculture and the land issue Flashcards

1
Q

emancipation impact on agricultural practice

A

emancipation failed to bring any fundamental change in agricultural practice

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2
Q

although there was considerable variation, the average peasant received?

A

only a little less than 4 hectares

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3
Q

what hampered agricultural change?

A

-high taxes
-grain requisitions
-redemption payments
-traditional farming practices perpetuated by the mir elders

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4
Q

yields in comparison to Western Europe

A

remained low compared to western europe

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5
Q

what did the government establish to help facilitate land purchase?

A

-nobles (1882) and peasant (1885) land banks

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6
Q

land banks

A

-peasants’ land bank held funds and reserves of land
-set up to assist peasants who wished to acquire land directly or through purchase from nobles

-nobles’ land bank was designed to help nobles with the legal costs involved in land transfer and in land improvement schemes

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7
Q

interest rates on loans from land banks

A

kept deliberately low
-helped increase peasant ownership

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8
Q

between 1877-1905 how much land was passed into peasant hands?

A

over 26 million hectares

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9
Q

an overall increase in agricultural production in the 1870s and 1880s why?

A

-largely thanks to the efforts of the kulak class to respond positively to Vyshnegradsky’s export drive

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10
Q

the disastrous 1891-92 famine showed the basic economic problem, which emancipation had been expected to solve, remained. This was that?

A

the average Russian peasant had too little land to become prosperous

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11
Q

what did the spread of industrialisation mean?

A

Russia’s traditional land-based society began to move towards one more focused on money,capital and wages
—> this was a slow procedure

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12
Q

until 1895 society was?

A

strongly divided

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13
Q

however, the period (1890s) saw ?

A

beginning of an emergent new middle class and urban working class

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