Agriculture and Collectivisation Flashcards
What is collectivisation?
Collectivisation is the act of bringing small independent farmers into large state owned farms. Tractor sand machinery would be implemented into the farms and motorised tractor stations (MTS) and experts would help with fertilisers and metal ploughs
Why were collective farms made?
To allow for easier montering and procuring grain. It was to socialise the peasants
How was the decision to collectivise made?
The Central Committee endorsed forced collectivisation and 25,000 volunteers from Party Officials went into the countryside to organise collectivisation.
How was the the Red Army and Cheka used in collectivisation?
They ruthlessly confiscated grain and livestock for collective farm
What did Stalin do against the Kulaks?
He set up an ideological campaign against the Kulaks, the ‘class enemy’ of the countryside. Each region was given quotas to fulfill
How were Kulaks split?
Counter revolutionaries
Active opponents of collectivisation
Those expelled from their farms
What did the Party think of collectivisation?
They were mostly in agreement with it because they wanted industrialisation but Bukharin and the Right wanted a slower industrialisation
Why was there a drive for collectivisation?
Grain procuring crisis
Increase food supply
Ideological idea of rapid industrialisation instead of NEP
What happened to Bukharin and his supporters?
They became less popular and were eventually left the Politbutro and CC
What is the Urals Siberia method?
Seizing grain by force from the peasants and closing free markets, with increasingly harsh punishments set on them.
Who were the 25,000er’s?
These were Party officials that would go to the countryside to crush the Kulaks and encourage collectivisation, using force if needed
How much of Russia was collectivised by 1929?
5% were on collective farms
