Agriculture

Question 1

Subsistence agriculture/ farming

Answer 1

Production of food for the purpose of it being consumed by the farmer’s family

Question 2

Shifting cultivation

Answer 2

A form of agriculture that is found in tropical regions which involves clearing vegetation in an area then cultivating it. It may also mean the process in which the farmland that is cultivated is rotated to allow soil to become fertile again

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

The spread of ideas, beliefs, etc.

Question 4

First agricultural revolution

Answer 4

A period of time (12,000 years ago) which saw the first use of seed agriculture which replaced the hunting and gathering way of life.

Question 5

Second agricultural revolution

Answer 5

A period of time in which feudal villages declined and imposed villages that enclosed farmland and had farmers feed their families with the food grown

Question 6

Von Thünens model

Answer 6

A model which explains and predicts why and where agricultural activities participate around a city’s marketplace

Question 7

Animal Domestication

Answer 7

Genetic modification of animals to render them more capable of being controlled by humans.

Question 8

Cadastral System

Answer 8

The patterns of settlement and it describes property lines

Question 9

Hamlet

Answer 9

A community smaller than villages

Question 10

Primogeniture

Answer 10

The right of inheritance for the eldest son

Question 11

Village

Answer 11

A community smaller than a town

Question 12

Plant domestication

Answer 12

The manipulation of plants for our benefit

Question 13

Rectangular survey system

Answer 13

A system which parceled land west of the Appalachian mountains

Question 14

Township and range system

Answer 14

A system used to distribute settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior

Question 15

Village forms

Answer 15

The shapes of villages due to their function. An example would be cluster villages being designed in its particular way in order to accommodate flat land for farming.

Question 16

Domestic agriculture

Answer 16

The manipulation of plants and animals for the benefit of humans in terms of agricultural sufficiency

Question 17

wattle

Answer 17

An set of woven stakes that form a fence.

Question 18

cash crops

Answer 18

A crop that is grown to profit off or suit for luxury.

Ex: coffee, tobacco

Question 19

cotton, rubber

Answer 19

Cotton- Former colonial countries still maintain cotton production. Colonies used to mass produce cotton with large-scale operations for export.
Rubber- A material that was found in trees and rainforests in countries along the equator. It’s still a booming industry with the modern innovation of synthetic or artificial rubber over “wild rubber” (natural from trees).

Question 20

mediterranean agriculture

Answer 20

An agricultural system based in regions (such as California, Western Europe) with climates similar to Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy) which produce specialty crops such as grapes, olives, avocados, fruits, and certain vegetables.

Question 21

illegal drugs

Answer 21

A global market of export trade with the growing of drugs for mass production. The three main and largest drug types in this trade are:

Cocaine (produced in Colombia and nearby South American countries such as Bolivia and sent to consumers in developed countries such as the U.S.)

Heroin (produced from an opium plant mainly grown in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia–Laos & Myanmar. Sold through networks that lead to Western Europe and Russia)

Marijuana (produced from the Cannabis plant and is grown worldwide but primarily in Mexico and is sold to consumers in the U.S.)

Question 22

Green Revolution: Environmental Impact

Answer 22

Downsides:
Pesticides have resulted in pollution and soil contamination.
Workers are being diagnosed with more health issues from working with these chemicals.
Water resources are draining at a rapid pace due to increased usage.
The genetic diversity of seeds is declining due to widespread use of the same artificial seeds, thus eliminating natural local strains.
Genetic uniformity increases the vulnerability to disease and pests.
Increased production requires mechanization and large operations which need fuel and other parts that increases pollution and fossil fuel usage.

Question 23

Genetically modified foods

Answer 23

Foods whose genes have been altered for specific purposes such as for production, for commercial use, or nutritional value.
Ex: Foods which have been altered for disease resistance

Question 24

Agribusiness

Answer 24

The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes.

Question 25

Biotechnology

Answer 25

A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify animals and plants, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purpose.

Question 26

Commercial agriculture

Answer 26

The growing of crops for the sheer purpose of selling off the farm and for profit.

Question 27

Dairying

Answer 27

An agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, mostly commonly cows and goats, for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter.

Question 28

Green Revolution

Answer 28

The development of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers transferred from the developed to developing world to alleviate the problem of food supply in those regions of the globe.

Question 29

Livestock ranching

Answer 29

An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.

Question 30

Luxury crops

Answer 30

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco or crops grown specifically not for need but for the high profit of luxury, for the personal satisfaction and preference, by consumers.

Question 31

organic agriculture

Answer 31

Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.

Question 32

plantation agriculture

Answer 32

The raising a large amount of a “cash crop” for local sale or export.

Question 33

third agricultural revolution

Answer 33

The recent and current in-progress epoch of agricultural growth and innovation with the rise of GMO’s (genetically modified organisms), their development and use for agriculture, and their impact politcally, culturally, and economically.