Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APC - Rural Pathway (Scotland) > Agriculture > Flashcards

Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of organisations that offer support and advice to farmers

A
  • National Farmers Union Scotland (NFUS)
  • Scottish Tenant Farmers Association
  • Scottish Land Commission (Tenant Farming Commissioner)
  • Farm Advisory Service
  • RSABI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a smallholding?

A

Owner occupied or tenanted agricultural holding, operating on less than 50 acres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is high farming?

A

When a farm tenant adopts a more beneficial farming system than is required by the leasing arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a viable unit?

A

A farming unit which (in the opinion of the Land Court) is capable of providing an individual occupier with full-time employment and the means to pay the rent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What issues are currently facing british agriculture?

A
  • Shortage of labour due to Brexit
  • High fertaliser prices
  • High feed prices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is contract farming?

A

A joint agreement between a landowner or occupier and a contractor. The farmer provides the land, buildings and fixed equipment. The contractor provides the labour and machinery. The parties share the cost of variable inputs and will each receive a baseline fee and a share of the devisible surplus depending on what is stated in the agreement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the benefits of contract farming?

A
  • flexibility for the farmer in choosing the right contractor
  • best possible machinery without investment
  • no need to sign up to tenancy or employ staff
  • contractor can expand business without additional land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of crop rotations?

A

To maintain soil fertility
To control weeds and diseases
To improve soil structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a typical crop rotation in your area?

A
  • Wheat, wheat, potatoes, wheat, barley, rape

- WW, SB, WOSR, WW and Beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When might you drill oilseed rape?

A

Should be early so perhaps after winter barley or an early maturing wheat variety. Often precedes a winter barley crop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What might be used as break crops in a cereal crop rotation?

A

Oilseed Rape
Potatoes
Beans
Grass leys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors affect a crop rotation?

A 
Local climate
Land capability
Demand
Subsidy
Timings of harvest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a cover crop?

A

A non-cash crop grown for the purpose of protecting or improving between between periods of regular crop production. Act as a green manure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give some examples of cover crops?

A

Brassicas - mustards, radishes and turnips
Legumes - vetch and clovers
Grasses and cereals - oats, rye, rye-grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the methods of destruction of cover-crops?

A

Sprayed off in spring, killed by frost, grazed or mechanically destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What yeild might you expect for winter wheat?

A

Average around 8t/ha, might get more like 6t/ha on second harvest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What yeild might your expect for spring barley?

A

4.5 - 6.5t/ha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the going price for milling wheat and feed wheat?

A

Milling wheat =£210/tonne (ex-farm)

Feed wheat = £180/tone (ex-farm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the going price for OSR?

A

Around £500/tonne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the price for peas (feed and micronising)?

A 
Feed = £210
Micronising = £250
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What yeilds might you expect for winter and spring OSR?

A 
Winter = 3-4t/ha
Spring = 1.5-3t/ha
22
Q

What yeilds might you expect for peas and beans?

A

2.5 - 5t/ha

23
Q

Describe the yearly feild operations for a winter cereal crop?

A 
Ploughing - September
Drilling - October
Weed and aphid control - November
Fertaliser - March
Fertaliser - April
Weed control - April
Disease control - June
Harvesting - August

Remember - please don’t wait for fields with driven hares

24
Q

What factors affect the required fertaliser ratio for different crops?

A
  • previous cropping policy
  • quantity of organic manures used
  • soil nutrient status
  • whether the land is in an NVZ
25
Q

Give examples of greening requirements

A
  • Growing a minimum number of crops
  • Farming 5% of your arable land in a manner that promotes biodiversity (Ecological Focus Area - EFA)
  • Protecting permanent grassland designated as environmentally sensitive
26
Q

How many acres are in an hectare?

A

2.47105 acres in a ha

27
Q

How many hectares are in an acre?

A

0.404686 ha in an acre

28
Q

Why might you use lime and how often would you apply it?

A

To reduce the acidity and therefore raise the pH of the soil. Every 4 years.

29
Q

What is the average cost and applicaiton rate of lime on grassland?

A

£35/tonne, 3.7t/ha

30
Q

What is the current farm gate milk price?

A

Around 31p per litre

31
Q

What are the recent trends in the dairy industry?

A
  • Milk production at 5-year low
  • prices risen over 10% on previous year
  • Number of dairy cows significantly reduced
  • decrease in export of dairy products (mostly processed) following brexit
  • disruption in supply chains due to covid-19
32
Q

Give some examples of current feed prices

A
  • Brewers grains £40/t
  • Maize distillers pellets - £280/t
  • Wheat distilles grains - £292/t
  • Molasses - £240/t
  • Sugar beet pupl - £240/t
33
Q

What is a cattle gestation period?

A

Approx 9 months

34
Q

What is a typical year for the Achlain suckler herd?

A
  • Calving from April to end of May
  • Bull goes in at the end of June for up to 2 months
  • Calves start on creep feeders around July
  • Weaning end of October/start of November
  • Calves go to spring sale circa 1yo in April
  • Cattle move around grazing parks in rotation with silage regime
35
Q

What weight might your cattle be at spring sales, what price per kilo might you expect?

A

Angus X’s at 12 months - 370kg to 470kg. Avg. around £2.50/kg

36
Q

What would be the typical weight of a lamb and price acheived per kg for liveweight sale?

A

45kg - £2.20/kg liveweight

37
Q

What price might you expect to achieve for mutton?

A

Around £70/head - animal weighs 50-70kg

38
Q

What is a typical year for an upland sheep herd?

A
  • January - Hope they were in lamb, away at wintering ground
  • March or April - come back to lowground parks for lambing
  • April/may - out to hill
  • ## Summer - gathering for shearing and marking
39
Q

What price might you expect to pay for hay?

A

Between £20-30 per round bale depending on supply and time of year etc. Works out around £80/tonne

40
Q

What price might you expect to pay for straw?

A

£60/tonne

41
Q

What price might you expect to receive for pig meat?

A

Depends heavily on type of pig i.e. baconer, poerker etc. All pig price is approx £1/kg liveweight and £1.50/kg deadweight for a baconer (around 70kg dressed weight)

42
Q

What do you need to be eligible for claiming BPS entitlements?

A
  • ‘Active farmer’ status
  • Have at least 3ha of eligible agricultural land (region 1, 2 or 3)
  • Submit a single application form
43
Q

What is the deadline for the SAF?

A

15th May

44
Q

What are the different payments for BPS entitlements?

A

Including Greening:

Region 1: 248.36 euros/ha
Region 2: 50.28 euros/ha
Region 3: 15.18 euros/ha

45
Q

How does a farmer acquire entitlements?

A

New Entrants or Young Farmers can receive these from the National Reserve. Others must buy privately.

46
Q

What are the classifications for BPS regions 1, 2 and 3?

A

Region 1 - better quality agricultural land
Region 2 - rough grazing
Region 3 - rough grazing in LFA category A land

47
Q

When is BPS guaranteed to be in place until?

A

At least 2024

48
Q

What are current LFASS payments?

A

Category A & B = £52 - £71 depending on fragility

Category C = £34 - £63 as above

49
Q

What is CAP and how is it made up?

A

Common Agricultural Policy. Made up of pillar 1 payments (direct income support) and pillar 2 payments (rural development funding).

Previously EU funding which is now replaced by the Basic Payment Scheme and Scottish Rural Development Programme.

50
Q

What is the latest payment rate for the Scottish Suckler Beef Support Scheme?

A

113.05 euros or £100.72

51
Q

Is your suckler cattle herd profitable?

A

No. Variable expenses just about break even with the inclusion of the SSBSS payment. BPS provides a top-up to this but once fixed costs and cost of producing silage is taken into account, the herd is running at a significant loss.

52
Q

What is the price for purchasing BPS entitlements?

A

It can vary from between £10 and £20 for region 3 entitlements if purchasing on a large scale.

APC - Rural Pathway (Scotland) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions