Agricultural toxins others

Question 1

True or false. Dieldrin binds weakly to soil particles and leaches into groundwater

Answer 1

False. Dieldrin binds strongly to soil particles and very resistant to leaching into groundwater

Question 2

Describe the toxicity of dieldrin

Answer 2

AffectS the functions of GABA by antagonizing (inhibiting) the CNS GABA receptors.

Each of these mechanisms results in CNS hyperexcitability, resulting in seizures, tremors, pins and needles, ataxic gait and other neurological effects.

Question 3

Dieldrin is the active metabolite of?

Answer 3

aldrin

Question 4

Describe the Emergency and Supportive Measures of dieldrin

Answer 4

1. Protect the airway at all times.
2. Remove the patient from source of exposure and prevent contamination of others.
3. Do not induce emesis, patient may have a sudden change in mental status and could aspirate gastric contents.
4. Avoid strong external stimuli to the patient, which may precipitate convulsions.

Question 5

What is the antidotal treatment of dieldrin

Answer 5

No specific antidote, medications used to treat symptoms. beta-blockers, vasopressors, and benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants.
Activated Charcoal
Bile Acid Sequestrants –e.g.Cholestryamine

Question 6

Explain the MOT of paraquat

Answer 6

Generates reactive oxygen species which cause cellular damage via lipid peroxidation, activation of NF-κB, mitochondrial damage. Actively taken up against a concentration gradient into lung tissue leading to pneumonitis and lung fibrosis.
Paraquat also causes renal and liver injury.

Question 7

what are the Toxic consequences of redox cycling reaction

Answer 7

Generation of superoxide anion radicals

Oxidation of cellular NADPH

Activation of NF- κB

Question 8

How does paraquat result in pulmonary lesions?

Answer 8

Acute alveolitis over 1–3 days followed by
Pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 9

Describe Emergency and supportive measures for paraquat

Answer 9

1. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary.
2. Treat fluid and electrolyte imbalance caused by gastroenteritis with intravenous crystalloid solutions.
3. Avoid excessive oxygen administration in patients with paraquat poisoning, as this may aggravate lipid peroxidation reactions in the lungs.
4. Treat significant hypoxemia with supplemental oxygen

Question 10

what is the antidote for paraquat

Answer 10

none

Question 11

describe decontamination process for Prehospital and hospital

Answer 11

Prehospital.
Prompt ingestion of any food may afford some protection if charcoal is not immediately available. Do not induce vomiting.

Hospital
Immediately administer 100 g of activated charcoal and repeat the dose in 1-2 hours.